1. The Islamic World

2. The Islamic World
How does Islam compare and contrast with the other religions introduced?
How does Islamic civilization compare and contrast with the others in the course?

3. The Islamic World The Arabian Peninsula Desert Home of the Arabs
No centralized authority
Pastoral nomads
Loyal to tribes

4. The Islamic World Religion in Arabia before Islam Polytheistic Jinn
Monotheism
Al-Uzza, Al-Lat, Manat

5. The Islamic World

6. The Islamic World Mecca Commercial center Ka’ba Controlled by Quraysh

7. The Islamic World Muhammad (570-632) Involved in Meccan caravan trade
Pious
Night of Power (ca. 610)  Prophet of Islam
Muhammad visited by Gabriel

8. The Islamic World Muslim Era Begins Converts  UMMAH
Overall response to Prophet was negative
Invited to Medina
The Hijra (622)

9. The Islamic World In Medina Muhammad became statesman City converted
Unbelieving Jews expelled
Raids on Meccan caravans launched
Muhammad addressing believers in Medina

10. The Islamic World The Return to Mecca (630) Muslims marched on Mecca
City surrendered
Muhammad cleansed Ka’ba
March on Mecca

11. The Islamic World
Questions?

12. The Islamic World The Quran Muhammad’s revelations
Significant teachings
Absolute monotheism
Jesus: “apostle”
“People of the Book”
Judgment  Paradise, Hell

13. The Islamic World The Five Pillars
“There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His Prophet”
Prayer
Ramadan
Alms levy
Pilgrimage

14. The Islamic World Talbiyah
“Labbayk, Allahumma Labbayk. Labbayk. La shareeka laka. Labbayk. Innal-hamda wan-n'imata laka wal-mulk. La shareeka lak.”
"Here I am at Thy service O Lord, here I am. Here I am at Thy service and Thou hast no partners. Thine alone is All Praise and All Bounty, and Thine alone is The Sovereignty. Thou hast no partners."

15. The Islamic World
Hajj ritual of stoning Satan, at Mina

16. The Islamic World
Questions?

17. The Islamic World
Islamic Conquests ( )

18. The Islamic World The Caliphate Muhammad died 632 CALIPHS
Prophet’s successors
First were early converts, from his inner circle (Rashidun)
Office: political, religious

19. The Islamic World

20. The Islamic World Division within the Ummah
The fate of Ali (r )
Muhammad’s cousin, husband of Fatima
Muhammad intended him to be successor?
Civil war between Ali and Mu’awiyah  Ali’s assassination
Aftermath: Sunni vs. Shi’ah

21. The Islamic World

22. The Islamic World Ruling the Caliphate: Shari’ah Sacred law of ummah
Purpose: regulate all activities
Multiple sources
Qadis
Individuals before a qadi

23. The Islamic World Ruling the Caliphate: Non-Muslims’ Status
“People of the Book”
Dhimmis: tolerated, not forced to convert
Monotheist leaders relied on to manage their communities’ affairs
Faced discrimination (jizyah, etc.)

24. The Islamic World
Questions?

25. The Islamic World The Great Civilization Sophisticated, advanced
Access to classical learning
Books, libraries
Contributed to science and math

26. The Islamic World
Quran page with beginning of surah 18 (9th, early 10th cent.)

27. The Islamic World Dome of the Rock (687-692) Mosque
Tribute to Islam’s triumph in Jerusalem
Erected on sacred site
Domed octagon

28. The Islamic World
Dome of the Rock, interior

29. The Islamic World The Minaret Towers for muzzein
Malwiya minaret ( )
At Great Mosque of Samarra, Iraq
Spiral ramp

30. The Islamic World
Questions?

31. The Rise of Islam
How does Islam compare and contrast with the other religions introduced?
How does Islamic civilization compare and contrast with the others in the course?