2. Emily Davis Marina Tome Sam Watkins
Skeletal System
Emily Davis
Marina Tome
Sam Watkins

3. Introduction
Objective : Students will be able to identify the function and structures of the skeletal system. Distinguish between bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage. Describe the development of bones from cartilage and identify the difference between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Describe the classification of joints by tissue and know the six types of synovial joints and their types of movement. Distinguish between the appendicular and axial skeletons. Finally, identify 23 major bones of the human body and their functions.

4. SUPPORT Function Five functions of the Skeletal System:
1) Provide points of attachments for muscles
2) Protect and support softer underlying tissues
3) House blood producing cells
4) Store inorganic salts
5) Contain passage ways for blood vessels and nerves

5. Bones, Ligaments, Tendons, and Cartilage
(Binds bones to joints)
Tendons
(Attaches muscle to bone)
Cartilage
Tissue Type
Connective
Unique Characteristics
Extracellular matrix
Bone matrix
Haversian Canals
Sheet-like cords
Collagenous Fibers
White fibrous connective tissue
3 types
Collagenous fibers
Rigid

6. Long Bone

7. Bone Cells
osteoBlasts
osteoClasts
Build Bone
Crush Bone

8. Bone Development
Diagram

9. Intramembranous Flat Layers of connective tissue
Enlarge into osteoBlasts
Deposit boney matrix
Spongy bone forms
Periosteum
Compact bone

10. Joints by Tissue Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial
 Found between joints of bones
 Immovable
 Dense connective tissue
 Ex: Skull
 Connect through hyaline or fibrocartilage
 Limited Movement
 Ex: Between Vertebrae
 Capsules of ligaments
 Synovial membranes and fluid
 Covered by hyaline cartilage
 Six different types
 Ex: Elbow

11. Synovial Joints

12. Ball and Socket
Two bones, one ball shaped and the other cup shaped, fit into one another  Movements in all planes and rotation
 Ex: Shoulder and hip
Socket
Ball

13. Condyloid Curve of one bone articulates with another bone
 Variety of movement in different planes, but no rotation
 Ex: Joints between metacarpals and phalanges

14. Gliding  Articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved
 Sliding or twisting
 Ex: Joints between various bones of wrists and ankles, sacroiliac

15. Hinge
 Two surfaces, one convex and the other concave, articulate with each other
 Flexion and extension
 Ex: Elbow and joints of phalanges

16. Pivot
Cylindrical surface of one bone fits into the rings of another bone
 Rotation around a central axis
 Ex: Axis of neck

17. Saddle Concave and convex surfaces fit with one another
 Variety of movements
 Ex: Joints between the carpal and the metacarpals of the thumb

18. Joint Movement Flexion Extension Dorsiflexion Plantar Flexion
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction

19. Skeletons
Appendicular
Axial

20. 23 Major Bones of the Human Body

21. Skull

22. Vertebral Column

23. Pectoral Girdle

24. Thoracic Cage
Sternum
True Ribs
False Ribs
Floating Ribs

25. Pelvic Girdle

26. Upper Limb

27. Lower Limb

28. Bone Diseases
Osteoporosis
Cancer
Paget’s Disease

29. Questions?

30. Quick Review How many bones are there in the human body?
What are the two types of bone cells and what does each do?
osteoBlasts - Build Bone osteoClasts - Crush Bone
What are the three types of vertebrae and how many are there of each?
Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5)
Name all functions of the skeletal system.

31. Thank You for your attention!! 

32. QUIZ TIME!!