1. DENTIFRICES

2. A substance used with a toothbrush for the purpose of cleaning the accessible surfaces of teeth
Types
1. Cosmetic Dentifrices: It must clean and polish the teeth
2. Therapeutic Dentifrices: Must reduce some disease process

3. Ingredients
• Abrasives 20%-40% (Silicon Oxide, Aluminum Oxide, Granular polyvinyl Chloride)
• Water 20%-40%
• Humectants 20%-40% (Sorbitol, Mannitol, Propylene glycol, Glycerine)
• Foaming agents 1%-2% (Sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate)
• Sweetening agent 2% (Sorbitol, Mannitol, Glycerine)
• Binding agent 2%
• Flavoring agent 2%
• Therapeutic agent (Fluoride, tetra sodium phosphate) 2%
• Preservative (benzoic acid)
colouring agent 1%

4. Abrasive agent: Helps to polish tooth by eliminating calculus food,
particles stuck on tooth
Humectant: prevents drying of toothpaste and to maintain consistency of
Toothpaste.
Foaming agent: Aids in removal of food debris
Flavoring agent: for Pleasant feel after mouth wash
Antibacterial agent (Triclosan): For reduction of Gingivitis, calculus etc
Fluorides(monofluoroPO4): To make teeth more resistant to the acids produce by bacteria
Binding/Thickening agent (alginate, NaCMC, Sod Magnesium Silicate): Stability & consistency
Anticalculus agents (Zinc Citrate, Zinc PO4, pyro PO4): To inhibit minerlization of Plague

5. Different forms
Pastes
Tooth powder
Gels

6. Hair Creams

7. HAIR COSMETICS 1
HAIR TONICS 2 3
HAIR REMOVERS 4 5
SHAVING PREPARATION

8. HAIR TONICS For Oily Scalps: To correct the oily condition……
For Dry scalps: to supplement oily character…..

9. Ingredients
Industrial methylated spirit diluted with water : common vehicle.
10-95% alcohol act as a solvent for the removal of fatty acid – protein complex from hair.
2-5% glycerin : emollient and lubricating effect and act as a co solvent.
Rubifacient drugs to stimulate hair growth.
Eg: cantharides, pilocarpine, quinine, ammonia, rosemary oil…
Vitamins: Vit K , biotin, pantothenic acid.
Anti dandruff material: sulphur, cationic surfactants,selinium and cadmium sulphide etc.
Antiseptic: Resorcinol (<1%), Beta naphthol (< 0.1%), Quinine

10. Hair conditioner
alter the texture and appearance of human hair and to improve damaged hair.
Used after shampoo, to render the hair shinier, easy to comb, and free from static electricity when dry.
Conditioners are usually based on cationic detergents and fatty materials like lanolin or mineral oil.

11. Ingredients 1. Moisturizers.
To hold moisture in the hair. Contain high proportions of humectants.
2. Re constructors.
Usually containing hydrolyzed protein.
Their role is to penetrate the hair and strengthen its structure through polymer cross linking.
3. Detanglers.
Which modify the hair surface by pH as acidifiers ( ), and/or by coating it with polymers, as glossers.

12. Surfactants.
Hair consists of approximately 97% of a protein called keratin, negatively-charged amino acids
Hair conditioners therefore usually contain cationic surfactants, which don't wash out completely, because their hydrophilic ends strongly bind to keratin.
The hydrophobic ends of the surfactant molecules then act as the new hair surface.
Oils (EFAs): become more soft
Lubricants: fatty alcohols, panthenol, dimethicone, etc for better function in hard water.

14. HAIR REMOVERS EPILATORIES DEPILATORIES Chemical Mechanical
For removing unwanted hairs. Several methods like waxing threading etc…
Other various methods are electrolysis and diathermy.

15. Depilatories
For degradation of superficial hair chemically without affecting the skin.
Act by degrading the hair keratin.
Contain alkaline solutions and reducing agents.
Which cause swelling of hair fiber and breakdown of cystine bridges between adjacent polypeptide chains.

16. Formula
Strontium sulphide
Talc
Methyl cellulose
Glycerine
Water
Perfume
Preservative
20g 20g 3g 15g 42g q.s
q.s

17. Ingredients Sodium sulphide: (2%) at pH 12 (not used due to
1. Inorganic Sulphides :
Sodium sulphide: (2%) at pH 12 (not used due to
strong action on skin)
Barium sulphide: highly toxic
Calcium sulphide: less toxic, less effective.
Strontium sulphide: better choice.(25-50%) action within 3 min.
Disadv: unpleasent odour (formation of hydrogen sulphide)

18. 3. Stannites : 2.Thioglycolates :
Most widely used active ingredient are substituted mercaptans
Used in conjugation with alkali
2.5 – 4% of calcium thioglycolate in conjugn with CaOH at pH take 5-15 min for hair removal.
Less toxic and less odour than sulphides.
3. Stannites :
Sodium stannite is commonly used
In presence of water it produces strong reducing and alkaline effect

19. 4. Enzymes :
Keratinase enzyme have depilatory action
Non irritant and odourless
3-4%is used and optimum pH is 7-8
5. Other additives : Humectant : prevent quick drying Eg: Glycerin, Sorbitol
Thickening Agent: Starch, Methylcellulose, Mucin.
PEG used to form film.
Fat used for skin protection & conditioning.

20. EPILATORIES
Plucking the hair either by tweezers, threading or by waxing.
Rosin and wax are the main ingredient.
Local anesthetic benzocain.
Camphor, Hexachlorophane is also added.

21. Ideal Characters of hair Creams
Advantages of Creams
prolong contact
Non-irritating when appliedtotheskin.
Easily water washable.
Easy to wipe away.
Less greasy compared toointment.
Easy to spread on the skin's surface (i.e. easy to apply).
Ideal Characters of hair Creams
It should liquefy at body temperature.
It should penetrate the epidermis (via natural opening).
Its viscosity should be low enough to permit easy spreading.
non-toxic.
non-irritant.
non-inflammatory.

22. Evaluation pH of the cream Viscosity
Rheological behavioral of the cream
Determination of type of emulsion
i. Dilution test
ii. Dye solubility test
Stability
Globule size
Phase separation
Moisture absorption studies
Shelf life
Spreadability
Study of skin morphology - evaluation of gross or microscopic changes in
the physical appearance of the skin, skin smoothness, elasticity

23. Manicure preparations

24. Nail is composed of three layers:
The nail normally grows distally at the rate of 0.1 mm per day.

25. Nail is composed of
Hard Keratin
Calcium ( Very Low - Not More Than 2 Parts Per 1000 By Weight)
Fatty Materials (Cholesterol)
Water (12-14% )
Preparations
Nail lacquer (nail varnish)
Nail polish
Nail hardener
Nail enamel remover
Nail Moisturizer
Cuticle remover
Nail elongator

26. NAIL LACQUER (NAIL VARNISH)
It is type of preparation from the transparent uncolored or pale pink natural colors. The ideal requirements are
It should be easy & convenient to apply.
Stable on storage with regards to homogeneity, separation, sedimentation, color etc.
Should give the film with satisfactory characteristics.
Waterproof, well-adherent, glossy, elastic.
Resistant to chipping and abrasion.
Non-toxic and dermatologically innocuous (harmless).
Characteristics of satisfactory film
Evenness, achieved by satisfactory viscosity.
Uniform color distribution, achieved by finly divided pigments.
Good gloss, which implies a very smooth surface.
Good adhesion to nail.
Flexibility to avoid brittleness and cracking.
Hard, non sticky, resistant to impact & scratching.
Satisfactory drying time I,e 1-2 minutes with development of bloom in humid atmospheres.
Maintenance of said properties for approximately one week.

27. Ingredients of Nail Laquer
Primary film former (nitrocellulose, methacrylate polymers, vinyl polymers)
Secondary film-forming resin (formaldehyde, p- toluene sulfonamide, polyamide, acrylate, alkyd, vinyl resins)
Plasticizers (dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor) 20-50%
Solvents and diluents (acetates, ketones, toluene, xylene, alcohols)
Colorants (organic D&C pigments, inorganic pigments)
Specialty fillers Pearlescent pigments (guanine, fish scale, titanium dioxide–coated mica flakes, or bismuth oxychloride for iridescence)
Suspending agents (0.5-2%)

28. Resistance to soaps & detergents Eveness & gloss Abrasion test
Formula
Nitrocellulose 10%
Resin
Plasticizer
Alcohol
Ethyl acetate 20
Butyl acetate 15
Toluene
Evaluation test:
Drying time
Appearance
Hardness
Adhesion
Resistance to soaps & detergents
Eveness & gloss
Abrasion test

29. Nail Polish
Prior to 1920, nails were manicured and then rubbed with abrasive powder to achieve a shine. Color was added through the use of stains. In 1930, Charles Revson developed the first pigmented, opaque nail polish, which launched Revlon, still a major manufacturer of nail cosmetics today.
Nail polish basically consists of pigments suspended in a volatile solvent to which film formers have been added.

30. Nail Hardener
Nail hardeners are used to increase the strength of brittle nails caused by nail plate dehydration due to excessive contact with solvents, detergents, and water.
Originally, nail hardeners were formulated as 10% or greater solutions of formaldehyde; however, FDA recalled these products following reports of onycholysis, subungual hyperkeratosis, reversible subungual hemorrhage, bluish discoloration of the nail plate, and allergic contact dermatitis in the dermatologic literature.
Free formaldehyde (1-2%) is still permitted, but acetates, toluene, nitrocellulose, acrylic, and polyamide resins are now used to structurally reinforce the nail plate. Some products actually contain 1% nylon fibers and are known as fibered nail hardeners. Other additives purported to strengthen the nail include hydrolyzed proteins, modified vegetable extracts, glycerin, propylene glycol, and metal salts.

31. Nail Enamel Remover
Formulation
Nail polish removers are liquids designed to strip the nail polish from the nail plate. They may contain strong solvents, such as acetone, alcohol, ethyl acetate, or butyl acetate
Formula
Butyl stearate %
Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether
Acetone

32. Cuticle Remover The cuticle can be removed Mechanically
Chemically (liquids or creams that contain an alkali to destroy cuticle keratin).
The active agent is usually 2-5% sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide with propylene glycol or glycerin added as a humectant.
cuticle softeners:
Milder preparations can be made with trisodium phosphate or tetrasodium pyrophosphate, but they are also less effective.
These products are quaternary ammonium compounds (3-5% ), and they are sometimes combined with urea

33. Formula
Trisodium phosphate 8%
Glycerin
Water
Perfume q.s.
Nail Moisturizer
The healthy nail contains about 16% water, becoming soft with saturation at 30%.
Nail moisturizers are usually creams or lotions that contain
Occlusives, such as petrolatum, mineral oil, or lanolin.
Humectants, such as glycerin, propylene glycol, and proteins
Water binding capacity: Alpha-hydroxy acids, lactic acid, and urea

34. Nail Elongators
Methods of creating the illusion of nail length. This technique can be accomplished through the use of preformed plastics, formed acrylics, or a combination of both methods.