1. Before Giving Care and Checking an Injured or Ill Person
Chapter 1
Before Giving Care and Checking an Injured or Ill Person

2. General Facts Unintentional injuries cause most childhood Deaths
Leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults
Cardiovascular deaths cause about 1 million deaths in the U.S each year. (1/2 Deaths in U.S)
Knowing what to do may save someone
Calling your local emergency numbers is the most important thing you can do.
The sooner Medical Help arrives – the better a persons chances of surviving a life threatening situation.

3. Video “What would You Do?” (1:36)

4. The Emergency Medical Service System (EMS)
The Citizen Responder
The first and most crucial link in the EMS system. The person that recognizes an emergency exist and calls 911.
4 Steps to the EMS System
Recognizing an Emergency
Deciding to Act
Activate the EMS System
Provide Care

5. Step 1 – Recognize Emergencies
Unusual Noise: Screams, yelling, calls for help, braking glass, screeching tires, equipment noise changes.
Unusual Sights: Stalled vehicles, smoke, fire, gas, downed electrical wires.
Unusual Odors: odors stronger than usual
Unusual Appearances or Behaviors:
Difficulty Breathing
Clutching chest or throat
Slurred Speech
Sweating
Unusual skin color

6. Step 2: Deciding to Act Reasons why people do not act:
Presence of other people
Uncertainly about victim
Type of injury or illness
Fear of catching a disease
Fear of doing something wrong

7. Good Samaritan Act (page 4)
All states have enacted Good Samaritan laws.
This is a law that protects citizen responders who are willing to provide emergency care to injured or ill persons without accepting anything in return.

8. Good Samaritan Act More likely to help a family member
Injury or illness – unpleasant- blood, vomit
Fear of AIDS (p. 9-Fear of Aids)
Worst thing to do is NOTHING
Be prepared Chart – p. 10

9. Good Samaritan –Overdose Prevention
Good Samaritan Laws – quick video
(30 Seconds)

10. Step 3: Activate the EMS System
First Aid can be the difference between life and death
Often it DOES make a difference between complete recovery and permanent disability
Recognize Emergency – Call Local #

11. Step4: Provide Care Give care until..
You see an obvious sign of life, such as breathing
Another trained responder or EMS personnel takes over
Your are too exhausted to continue
The scene becomes unsafe.

12. How to be prepared for an emergency
Keep important information about you and your family in a handy place.
Keep medical insurance up to date
Keep important phone numbers in an easy to find place. 911 poison control
Keep first aid kit ready and available
Wear medical alert tags
Make sure your house numbers are readable.

13. What is First Aid
First Aid is the immediate care given to a victim of injury or sudden illness until more advanced care can be obtained

14. Disease transmission Most common germs are bacteria and viruses
Bacteria can live outside the body
Viruses depend on other organisms to live
The immune system is the # 1 defender against infections

15. Disease transmission to become infected?
If germs in a person’s blood or other body fluids pass into your body through breaks in the skin or through the linings of the eyes, nose and mouth.
Common colds are transmitted through the air we breath. (coughing and sneezing)
Diseases can be transmitted by:
Touching
Breathing
Biting

16. 7 Guidelines to reduce disease transmission when providing first aid
Avoid contact with the body fluid
Use barriers (gloves, masks)
Wear protective clothing
Wash your hands immediately after giving care
Don’t eat, drink or touch your mouth, nose or eyes when giving first aid
Don’t touch objects soiled with blood
Be prepared with a first aid kit

17. AIDS AIDS (p. 8) Preventing Disease Transmission
AIDS is a condition caused by HIV.
What does AIDS stand for
Acquired
Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome
It is a disease where the immune system is to weak to fight off common infections and viruses.

18. Three ways AIDS is Transmitted
Through direct contact with the blood
Through mucous membranes in the lining of the eyes, mouth, throat, rectum, and vagina
Through womb, birth canal, or breast milk
Add Slides on Shock

19. Pages 14-17
Part 2: Taking Action
PREVIOUSLY CHAPTER 2

20. Checking the Victim Determine if the victim is conscious
Tap them on the shoulder
Speak loudly to them
Call for an ambulance if no response

21. IF NOT breathing but has a pulse?
Do Rescue breathing: a technique used to provide a non-breathing victim with oxygen.
IF victim has no pulse – but heart is not beating properly – Start CPR
Look over the victims body for bleeding

22. The 3 “C”s
Part 3-Check, Call, Care

23. Checking the Victim Ask what happened?
Check head to toe for any problems
DO NOT move the victim
Video -Checking an Unconscious Adult (3:36)
Video – Checking an Unconscious Infant (1:51)

24. 3 Basic Steps in an Emergency (p. 9)
Look the scene over and ask yourself the following questions
1. Is the scene safe?
Spills, chemicals, fire, traffic
If the scene is unsafe – Stay away from the victim
2. Is immediate danger involved?
3. What happened?
Look for clues, broken glass, fallen ladder, open medicine bottles
4. How many victims are there?
Care for life threatening injuries first
Don’t move the victim unless life is in danger
5. Can bystanders help?
May be able to tell you what happened
Assist you
6. What is wrong

25. Do no Future Harm Do not move the victim unless:
When faced with immediate danger such as fire, lack of oxygen, risk of explosion or collapsing structure.
Moving to another victim
*** Know how to move the victim***

26. Call 911 Call # Give dispatcher all the information you can
Don’t hang up until the dispatcher does
Return and give care

27. When to Call Know your local emergency numbers (911)
Call EMS if the victim is unconscious or if the conscious victim:
Become unconscious
Has trouble breathing or is breathing in a strange way
Has chest pain
Is bleeding severely
Has pressure or pain in the abdomen that does not go away
Is vomiting or passing blood
Has seizures, a sever headache or slurred speech
Appears to have been poisoned
Has injures to the head neck or back
Has possible broken bones

28. Also call for any of these……
Fire Explosion, downed electrical wires, rapidly rising water

29. 4 steps when calling E.M.S Call emergency #
Give Dispatcher the necessary information
Location
Phone #
Your Name
What happened
How many people are involved
Conditions of the victim (s)
What help is being given
Do not hung up until told to do so
Return to care for the victim

30. Providing Care (p. 23) Treat life threatening emergencies first
Watch Breathing and Consciousness
Get permission for Care
Talk to the victim
Watch Temperature (too hot, too cold)
If conscious ---talk---ask what happened?

31. Providing Care-Get Permission
Do not give care to a conscious victim who refuses it.
Permission in implied if a victim is unconscious or unable to respond or if a condition is serious and an implied supervising adult is not available for the child/

32. Part 4- Sudden Illness and Shock

33. Sudden illnesses (Chapter 9 p. 151)
When a person becomes suddenly ill, he or she usually looks and feels sick.
Give 2 examples of a sudden illness
Stroke
Heart attack

34. Shock- Video (1:52)

35. SHOCK Any severe bleeding can lead to shock
Condition in which circulatory system fails to deliver blood to all parts of the body
Organs DO NOT receive blood – they fail to function properly

36. To maintain adequate blood flow
Heart must be working well
Adequate amount of blood must be circulating in the body
Blood vessels intact and able to adjust blood flow

37. Signs of Shock Restless and Irritable Altered consciousness
Pale, cool, moist skin
Rapid breathing
Rapid pulse

38. What happens…
Body attempts to adjust and send blood to the most important parts.
Brain
Heart
Lungs
Kidneys
Does this by reducing blood flow to the arms, legs, and skin.

39. Caring for Shock
Have the victim lie down (get them comfortable) –pain intensifies bodies stress
Control any external bleeding
Help the victim maintain normal body temperature (cool – cover to avoid chilling)
Try to reassure the victim
Elevate legs about 12 inches
Unless head, neck, back injuries, broken hip or legs. If unsure – Leave lying flat
Do not give them anything to eat or drink
Call local emergency number
Need advance medical care as soon as possible