2. Do Now
What happens to the Eastern half of the Roman Empire after the Western Half falls in 476 C.E.

3. Byzantines, Russian & Turks Interact

4. Vocabulary Patriarch: Leader of the Eastern Church
Icon: Religious images
Iconoclast: Icon breaker
Excommunication: Formal declaration that someone is no longer a member of the church
Schism: Split

5. 527 C.E. Justinian takes throne of Eastern Roman Empire
Sets out to retake all of former Rome. He sends his best general to take North Africa from the Vandals. Next Rome is sacked. For the next 16 years Rome is the battle ground for Germanic tribes and troops from Constantinople
by 550 Justinian had reunited the former empire’s territory.
ROME IS BACK BABY!

6. Justinian had absolute power controlling the state and the church.
However there was a constant threat of assassination.
Of the 89 emperors 29 were killed, 13 left the throne for monasteries.

7. The Byzantine empire thought of itself as continuing Rome’s tradition – but few people spoke Latin (the language of the empire) most spoke Greek.
What is needed to provide stability?
Law – Through law people know what is expected of them, AND their government!

8. The last time you were on vacation, What were some of the sights you visited?
Why were those places important?

9. the Justinian code—has 4 parts.
Code: 5,000 Roman laws
Digest: Summarize of Rome’s greatest legal opinions
Institutes: Textbook for law students
Novellae (new laws) laws pasted after 534
Justinian’s code regulated slavery, women’s rights, property, marriage, inheritance, and crimes. It continued until ~ 1450
Separated Criminal from Civil Law
Formed basis of Legal System in Europe (and Louisiana - for reasons you’ll see next year)

10. Justinian’s Constantinople was a wonder in itself: Strong fortifications, a grand cathedral (Hagia Sophia, “holy wisdom”) a vast palace, hospitals, courts, baths, schools, markets with goods from all over the known world. When he was done, it was by far the grandest city in Europe.
Take a look at the Church!

12. If you were the King, you would have power over everything…army, laws, clothing styles…
What religion would you choose for your subjects? Why?

13. VOCAB
Slavs: People of the forest north of the Black Sea
Boyars: Russian land owning nobles
Czar: Russian Emperor

15. The King, Vladimir, sends 4 teams to study religions
The King, Vladimir, sends 4 teams to study religions. The king is so impressed with the report of wonder and beauty within Byzantine Christianity, he picks it over Islam, western Christianity, & Judaism.
What might be another reason he likes it ?
Constantinople and Kiev are now linked by trade & religion.

16. Show clip: Byzantium_edit

17. 880 C.E. The Vikings establish the city of Kiev as a trading port with Constantinople.
Among other things Slavs are sold as slaves. This is the basis for English word ‘slave’
The kingdom was divided between peasants and nobles (boyars).

18. Kiev’s trade expands into Poland and North to the Baltic Sea.
The King’s son ‘Yaroslav the Wise’, used political marriage to gain trading partners in West Europe.
He creates a code of laws to promote trade.

19. When he dies, he makes a blunder. He divided his kingdom among his sons. They then fought for the best territory
This as well as the crusades disrupted the valuable trade.

20. The Mongols arrive!
They are a band of nomads from Central Asia
Their leader Genghis Khan leads them in the 1200s.
At its height the Mongols control from the Yellow Sea to the Baltic Sea, from the Himalayas to northern Russia.

22. In 1240 the Mongols, under the leadership of Genghis’ grandson Batu Khan, attacked and destroyed kiev.
Mongol rule: Russians could continue as they had as long as they didn’t rebel. The church was a go-between for the people and the Mongols. The church thought the mongols were a punishment for their sins, the use of idols increased in this time.

23. Obedience was expected
Boyars (nobles) were required to collect and pay tribute (thereby keep their titles.)
Former independent states united by Mongols
Mongol isolation will keep Russia out of trade/communication with Western Europe. What will happen?__________________

24. Founded in 1100s. It is located near the Volga, Dnieper, and Don rivers, making it a strategic location for eastern Russia.
Ivan I sets out to gain power.
He sides with the mongols when the peasants revolt. In return they make him the chief tax collector.
In this job he becomes know as “Ivan moneybags.” He is then able to convince the patriarch of kiev into moving to Moscow (why do that?______________)

25. though land deals, war, trickery, shrewd marriages, he grows his and Moscow’s power.
Ivan’s grandson, Ivan III marries the niece of the last emperor of Constantinople (it fell to the turks in 1453)
He takes the title of Czar or Tsar
(what word to you see in ‘Czar’_____________)

26. in 1480 Ivan refused to continue paying the Mongols
What do you think is going to happen?
When the 2 armies stood off against each other, neither wanted to fight.
The Mongols left, allowing the Czar a blood- less victory.

27. Mamelukes: Turkish military slaves
Seljuks: Groups of Turks
Vizier: Prime Minister