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C O T T O N P R O D U C T I O N The invention which changed the South, cotton and slavery. 1791: 4,000 bales of cotton are produced 1850: 2,500,000.

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Presentation on theme: "C O T T O N P R O D U C T I O N The invention which changed the South, cotton and slavery. 1791: 4,000 bales of cotton are produced 1850: 2,500,000."— Presentation transcript:

1 C O T T O N P R O D U C T I O N The invention which changed the South, cotton and slavery. 1791: 4,000 bales of cotton are produced 1850: 2,500,000 bales worth $8 million 1860: 5,300,000 bales worth $250 million 6 cents a lb. to 14 cents in 1857 Expanded into Arkansas and Texas 1

2 GROWTH OF SLAVERY U.S. population was 3.5 million… 700,000 slaves
Trial of tears GROWTH OF SLAVERY U.S. population was 3.5 million… 700,000 slaves Importation of slaves was legal 2

3 COTTON BELT, Cotton Kingdom
Trial of tears GROWTH OF SLAVERY US Population was 18 million 2 million slaves in the U.S 1808, importation of slaves was illegal COTTON BELT, Cotton Kingdom 3

4 SOUTHERN SOCIETY Similar to a Feudal system from the Dark and Middle Ages…..(Manorial System) Caste system and difficult to move up the social ladder. Plantation owners Aristocracy Upper class Middle Class Small farmers Owned some slaves. Achieve American Dream Owned no slaves….Hated white upper class…American Dream Poor Whites Free Blacks, 2nd class citizens No political or civil rights. Slaves---no rights, considered property 4

5 U.S. was the largest slave country in the world by 1860
FACTS ON SLAVERY U.S. was the largest slave country in the world by 1860 90% of Europe’s cotton came from the South by 1860 2/3’s of presidents til 1860 owned slaves Majority of Supreme Court justices were from the South 1/2 of U.S. exports were from cotton More money invested in slaves than land and tools---$2 billion 5

6 75% of white families owned no slaves- Out of the 25% of slaveowners:
% OF SOUTHERN WHITE FAMILIES OWNING SLAVES IN 1860 % 75% of white families owned no slaves- Out of the 25% of slaveowners: 75% owned 1 to 9 slaves. 22% owned 10 to 49 owned slaves. 3% owned 50 or more slaves (about 8 out of 1000) Number of slaves 6

7 SLAVE REVOLTS 250 insurrections documented between 1780 and 1864.
Stono Rebellion, SC - (1739) Up to 80 Catholic slaves took guns and powder from a store and marched toward Florida. Along the way 7 plantations were burned, whites killed Largest slave uprising prior to the Revolution. German Coast, LA- (1811) Inspired by the events in Haiti, up to 500 slaves rose up against the sugar planters in Louisiana. They wore confiscated military uniforms and had firearms. One of the most secretive slave revolts in US history; why? 7

8 8

9 Gabriel Prosser,VA (1800), leader of a slave uprising to create a free black state in Virginia. Plotted to seize the arsenal at Richmond when a thunderstorm, washed away roads and an informant gave away the plan. Denmark Vesey,SC (1822) purchased his freedom with $600 won in a street lottery. He planned an uprising. Informers divulged the plot, however, and 35 blacks, including Vesey, were executed. Nat Turner, VA (1831) believed that he had been chosen by God to lead a slave rebellion. Turner's band killed around 60 white people in Virginia. In retaliation, more than a hundred innocent slaves were killed. 9

10 Tree Nat Turner was hung on
SLAVE REVOLTS Tree Nat Turner was hung on Arrest of Nat Turner 10 Slave Revolts/Turner

11 SLAVE REVOLTS 11 Slave Revolts

12 Besides slave revolts, slaves resorted to other ways to revolt…..
Wouldn’t work hard. Would sabotage equipment or break tools. Poisoned their master’s food. Killed master’s children & animals Tried to escape 12

13 SLAVE CODES AND LAWS Slave Revolts led plantation owners to develop slave laws/codes restricting slaves. Slaves were not taught to read or write Restricted to the plantation Slaves could not congregate after dark Slaves could not possess any type of firearm Manumission became harder Larger slave than white populations in some states Slave owners wanted to keep their slaves ignorant of the outside world because learning about life beyond the plantation could lead to more slave revolts and wanting to escape. 13

14 % of White to Black Population in 1860
FACTS ON SLAVERY % of White to Black Population in 1860 14 Chart/Net Earnings

15 Slave Codes of the State of Georgia, 1848
SLAVE CODES OR LAWS Slave Codes of the State of Georgia, 1848 SEC. I. CAPITAL OFFENSES. 1. Capital crimes when punished with death. The following shall be considered as capital offences, when committed by a slave or free person of color: insurrection, or an attempt to excite it; committing a rape, or attempting it on a free white female; murder of a free white person, or murder of a slave or free person of color, or poisoning of a human being; every and each of these offences shall, on conviction, be punished with death. 15

16 2. Punishment of free persons of color for encouraging slaves.
SLAVE LAWS Georgia Slave Code, 1848 2. Punishment of free persons of color for encouraging slaves. If any free person of color commits the offence of encouraging or enticing away any slave or slaves, for the purpose of, and with the intention to aid and assist such slave or slaves leaving the service of his or their owner or owners, or in going to another state, such person so offending shall, for each and every such offence, on conviction, be confined in the penitentiary at hard labor for one year. 16

17 3. Punishment for teaching slaves or free persons of color to read.
SLAVE LAWS Georgia Slave Code, 1848 3. Punishment for teaching slaves or free persons of color to read. If any slave, Negro, or free person of color, or any white person, shall teach any other slave, Negro, or free person of color, to read or write either written or printed characters, the said free person of color or slave shall be punished by fine and whipping, or fine or whipping, at the discretion of the court. 17

18 Economically profitable Slavery was in the Bible
ARGUMENTS FOR SLAVERY Economically profitable Slavery was in the Bible Duty of Southerners to Christianize the slaves Provided a better life for slaves than in Africa, 5th Amendment legalized and protected slavery because slaves were considered property. Pointed to wage slavery in the North. Slavery still fairly common worldwide. Pacified poor whites? 18

19 Abolitionists believed slavery was immoral to own another human being.
violated the ideals that this country was founded on (Dec. of Ind.). Prior to 2nd Great Awakening, abolition movement was small (mostly Quakers & Freedmen By 1840’s, it was a movement of wildly different groups of people (some even disliked Blacks). 19

20 Book was used as to show the inhumanity of slavery.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abolitionist, authored the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin Book was used as to show the inhumanity of slavery. Southerners were enraged by this book and called it “lies”. Saw slaves as humans, not farm animals Picture/Stowe 20

21 In the closing scenes of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel, Uncle Tom’s brutal master, Simon Legree, orders the $ slave savagely beaten (to death) by two fellow slaves. Through tears and blood Tom exclaims, “No! no! no! my soul ain’t yours Mas’r! You haven’t bought it-----ye can’t buy it! It’s been bought and paid for by One that is able to keep it. No matter, no mater, you can’t harm me!” “I can’t?” said Legree, with a sneer; “we’ll see----we’ll see! Here, Sambo, Quimbo, give this dog such a breakin’ in as he won’t get over this month!” 21

22 Mother was a slave and father was white
FREDERICK DOUGLAS Escaped slave in 1838 Mother was a slave and father was white Passionate speaker against slavery Editor of the North Star--Abolitionist paper Wrote his autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Friends with Garrison Organized the 54th Black Regiment of Mass Ambassador to Haiti Picture/Douglass 22

23 Violated the Fugitive Slave Law
The Underground Railroad existed as early as It was started by the Quakers and spread through most of the North by 1830. One estimate places the number of African Americans who escaped through the Underground Railroad between 1830 and 1860 at 50,000. Underground Railroad provided food, shelter, and hiding places to runaway slaves as they escaped to Canada Violated the Fugitive Slave Law Map/Underground RR 23

24 Picture/Tubman Harriet Tubman, Moses of her people.
ABOLITIONISTS Harriet Tubman, Moses of her people. Led over 300 escaped slaves out of the South during the 1850’s. $40,000 bounty was placed on her head Conductor of the Underground Railroad Supplied money from abolitionists. Picture/Tubman 24

25 Map/Underground RR 25

26 FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW Fugitive Slave Law First enacted in 1787.
Escaped slaves captured in free states had to be returned to their plantation owner. Beefed up as a response to the Underground Railroad. North enacts “personal liberty laws” protecting the escapees. South becomes bitter in response to this. 25

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