1. Opener: 10/10 – Map Analysis
TB PAGE 404
COPY and answer the following:
What 2 European countries colonized many parts of Africa?
What 2 countries remained independent?
What country was colonized by Belgium?

2. HISTORY & COLONIZATION OF AFRICA #5

3. Allowed them to colonize new areas in great numbers!
Why did the Bantu migrate?
Increased population
Famine & Drought
Moved SOUTH and EAST in search of new farmland
Effects of Migration:
Cultural Diffusion - *Language*
Knowledge of agriculture
Iron production
Allowed them to colonize new areas in great numbers!

4. Arab Influence in Africa
Trade routes between the Middle East & Africa
Arabs (Muslims) from the Middle East spread Islam to Northern and Eastern Africa
Slave trade between Eastern Africa, Middle East & South Asia
Cultural Diffusion:
Language
Swahili: Mix of Arabic and Bantu languages
Religion
Customs & Traditions

5. CAUSES: The Triangular Slave Trade
Trade developed between Europe, Western Africa and the New World (Americas)
Europeans traded manufactured goods (guns) for slaves
Africans were taken to the new world to work on plantations
Raw materials/natural resources from the Americas were taken back to Europe

6. EFFECTS of the Slave Trade on Africa
Slave trade devastated Africa:
Gender ratios distorted; less men then women
Broken families
Lost potential of young people
“Door of No Return” – Goree Island off the coast of Senegal

7. Markets for Finished Goods Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Pop.
European Nationalism
Source for
Raw
Materials
Industrial
Revolution
Missionary Activity
European
Motives
For Colonization
Markets for Finished Goods
Military & Naval Bases
Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Pop.
European Racism
$$$

8. CAUSES OF COLONIZATION
By the 19th century, Europe was interested in Africa’s raw materials
Berlin Conference:
In 1884, 14 European nations met to decide how Africa would be divided – African rulers were NOT invited
Decided any European country could claim land just by telling the others
By 1914: Europeans controlled 90% of the continent!!

9. EFFECTS OF COLONIZATION
Europeans drew new boundaries, resulting in…
Several ethnic groups shoved into single countries – some were enemies and divided others who were not
Africans have no control over their own countries
Starvation & diseases become widespread
Africans forced into labor
Christianity spreads through Africa
“When the European Colonialists came, they had the Bible, we had the land. They said, “Let’s close our eyes & pray.” When we opened our eyes, we had the Bible, and they had the land.” - Randall Robinson

10. CAUSES: Independence Movements
WWII inspired many Africans to seek freedom for their own countries.
African colonies played a major role during the war.
African soldiers fought and died to help free Europe from Nazi conquest.
Afterwards, Africans pushed to have freedom and independence for themselves.

11. EFFECTS of Independence
Economies devastated throughout the continent
Europeans did NOT prepare them independence.
Some really good new African leaders but…
Many countries have had constant dictatorships