1. Imperialism

2. IMPERIALISM
Definition: The domination of the political, economic or cultural life of another country
“A stronger, more powerful country takes over a weaker one”
Colonies
Protectorates
Spheres of influence

3. Imperialism Justified as the “White Man’s Burden” (Rudyard Kipling)
Idea that technologically advanced Europeans were morally and socially superior to natives of Asia, Africa, and the Americas
Colonies, Protectorates, and Spheres of Influence

4. Rudyard Kipling “Take up the White Man's burden
Send forth the best ye breed
Go bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
To wait in heavy harness
On fluttered folk and wild
Your new-caught, sullen peoples
Half-devil and half-child.”
- Rudyard Kipling

5. Kipling’s Book and Disney’s version

6. Causes of Imperialism Economic causes:
Need for RESOURCES (coal, iron, cash crops, various other “RAW MATERIALS”)
Need for MARKETS
Remember Age of Exploration?
Remember Mercantilism?
Gold/Silver
Favorable balance of trade
Colonies for raw materials AND markets
Tariffs on imports from other countries

7. Examine the map below: What does the red part of the map represent
Examine the map below: What does the red part of the map represent? What do you think the Caption means?
“The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire”

8. Causes of Imperialism
Technological: technology and scientific advances made it possible for “developed countries” to take over non-developed
“Developed” means:
Industrial
Modern
…aggressive

9. Military might follows the MONEY
Causes of Imperialism
Political/Military: need for military bases to protect financial investments and to establish political influence (international)
Military might follows the MONEY

10. Causes of Imperialism Social/Cultural:
Western arrogance and ideas of “saving” the world while profiting in the process
Social Darwinism
Racism
Christian Missionary zeal
Greed??

11. Racism Racism – Belief in the superiority of one race.
Race is a SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION!!
Race has historically been used to justify social inequalities.
Meaning: instead of saying something is unfair because of how the system is set up, racial markers/identifiers are used to explain why some people are disadvantaged.

12. Eugenics
During the early part of the 20th century, the idea of racial superiority was given scientific credibility through a field called eugenics breeding applied to humans
Eugenics is the study and practice of selective. Its goal was to establish racial purity as a way to improve society

13. How are ideas about race reinforced in society?
Look at both examples
1. What comparisons are
being made?
2. Are the comparisons
favorable or unfavorable?
3. What do you think is the
purpose of making these
comparisons?
4. Look at the year each
example was created.
What was going on at the
time that may help explain
the purpose of the image
Example 1: Illustrations from the
book "Types of Mankind" by Josiah Nott and George Glidden,1854.
Example 2: The top image is of
Jewish men; the bottom, of rats.
The two images appear together
in the film "The Eternal Jew",
made in the 1930s by Nazi
filmmaker Fritz Hipler.

14. Imperialism
Imperialism spread economic, political, and social philosophies of Europe throughout the world.
Resistance to imperialism took many forms, including armed conflict and intellectual movements.

15. Why did nations pursue Imperialism?
Empire Building
Economics
Political and Military Interests
Power and Authority
Nineteenth Century – 1800s
British Dominance - called the Victorian Era after Queen Victoria who ruled for 64 years

16. Forms of Imperialism Colonies – Americas, India, Africa
Protectorates – Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam
Spheres of influence - China

17. Forms of Imperialism Form Definition Example Colony
A country or territory governed internally by a foreign power
Somaliland in East Africa was a French Colony
Protectorate
A country or territory with its own internal government but is under the control of an outside power
Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River Delta
Sphere of Influence
An area in which an outside power claims excusive investment or trading privileges
Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the United States
Economic Imperialism
An independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments
The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii

18. Colonies
This is an expensive form of imperialism in which a mother country sets up a bureaucracy to govern the locals. Under this form, rule can be either direct or indirect

19. Protectorates
In this form of imperialism, local rulers are left in place with the understanding that they would accept advice of rulers from abroad, especially on trade, military or cultural issues.

21. Spheres of influence
This is a form of imperialism in which an outside power claims exclusive trading or investment privileges in an area.

22. Imperialism in ASIA:

23. JAPANESE Imperialism

24. CHINA: Opium War 1839-1842 Economics of trade balance
Britain spent too much silver on Chinese imports
British East India Co. sold Opium to Chinese
Chinese lost the war and Hong Kong

25. CHINA: Western spheres of influence
Extraterritoriality: Europeans living in China did not have to live by Chinese laws, but by their own nation’s laws
USA’s “Open Door Policy” declares equal access to China to all European nations…(AND the USA!)

26. CHINA: Boxer Rebellion
Shadow-boxing and the name “Society of the Harmonious Fists”
Another attempt to get foreigners OUT of China
Failed after allied foreign armies crushed them and demanded payment for damages

27. Imperialism in AFRICA

29. Imperialism in Africa and Asia
European domination
European conflicts carried to the colonies
Christian missionary efforts
Spheres of influence in China
Suez Canal – shortened the trip to India
East India Company’s domination of Indian states
American opening of Japan to trade

30. Suez Canal
Europeans needed a faster way to get from the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean
The French and the Egyptians, with funding from France, began a canal to connect the two water bodies.
Because Egypt could not pay their canal debts, they sold their shares to Great Britain
1882 – Egyptian nationalists rebel against foreign influence.
British make Egypt a protectorate and take over control of the canal.

32. Effects Cont.
Resistance to imperialism took many forms, including armed conflict and intellectual movements.
Why did European countries participate in imperialism and a race for colonies?
What were some responses of colonized peoples to European imperialism?

33. Effects of Industrial Revolution
Nationalism motivated European nations to compete for colonial possessions. European economic, military, and political power forced colonized countries to trade on European terms. Industrially produced goods flooded colonial markets and displaced their traditional industries. Colonized peoples resisted European domination and responded in diverse ways to Western influences.

34. Responses of colonized peoples
Armed conflicts (e.g., events leading to the Boxer Rebellion in China)
Rise of nationalism (e.g., first Indian nationalist party founded in the mid-1800s)