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Phnom Penh International University (PPIU)
8/26/2018 សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភ្នំពេញអន្តរជាតិ Phnom Penh International University Quality Excellence Innovation o Computer Literacy Internal Use Only
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Chapter 3 Classification of Computer: Purpose Type and Capacity
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After this chapter, students would be able to:
Objectives After this chapter, students would be able to: Advantages and Disadvantages of Computers Purpose of Computer Classification Type of Computers Capacity of Computers Input Devices Output Devices Input and Output Devices (Multi Functions Devices) A multi-core processor is a single computing component with two or more independent actual processors (called "cores"), which are the units that read and execute program instructions. The data in the instruction tells the processor what to do. The instructions are very basic things like reading data from memory or sending data to the user display, but they are processed so rapidly that human perception experiences the results as the smooth operation of a program. Manufacturers typically integrate the cores onto a single integrated circuit die (known as a chip multiprocessor or CMP), or onto multiple dies in a single chip package.
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Chapter 3 Classification
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Advantages of Using Computers Disadvantages of Using Computers Speed Reliability Consistency Storage Communications Health Risks Violation of Privacy Public Safety Impact on Labor Force Impact on Environment
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
Green computing involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer Strategies include: Recycling Regulating manufacturing processes Extending the life of computers Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers
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Communications Device
Chapter 3 Cont’… A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical components known as hardware Input Device Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer Output Device Hardware component that conveys information to one or more people System Unit Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data Storage Device Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Communications Device Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices
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Categories of Computers
Personal computers Mobile computers and mobile devices Game consoles Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded computers
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Personal Computers A personal computer can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself Two popular architectures are the PC and the Apple Desktop computer
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Personal computer you can carry from place to place Examples include notebook computers, laptop computers, and Tablet PCs Mobile Device Computing device small enough to hold in your hand Examples include smart phones, PDAs, handheld computers, portable media players, and digital cameras
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Notebook computer Tablet PC Smart phone PDA
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Handheld computer Portable media player Digital camera
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Game Consoles A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games
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Servers A server controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network Provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information
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Mainframes A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously
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Supercomputers A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer
Fastest supercomputers are capable of processing more than one quadrillion instructions in a single second
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Embedded Computers An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product Consumer Electronics Mobile and digital telephones Digital televisions Cameras Video recorders DVD players and recorders Answering machines Home Automation Devices Thermostats Sprinkling systems Security monitoring systems Appliances Lights Automobiles Antilock brakes Engine control modules Airbag controller Cruise control Process Controllers and Robotics Remote monitoring systems Power monitors Machine controllers Medical devices Computer Devices and Office Machines Keyboards Printers Faxes Copiers
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Embedded Computers
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Input Devices Input is any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer
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What Is Input? Instructions can be entered into the computer in the form of programs, commands, and user responses A program is a series of related instructions that tells a computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them Programs respond to commands that a user issues A user response is an instruction a user issues by replying to a question displayed by a program
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What Are Input Devices An input device is any hardware component that allows users to enter data and instructions into a computer
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The Keyboard A keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into a computer
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The Keyboard Most desktop computer keyboards have…
Between 101 and 105 keys A numeric keypad on the right side of the keyboard Function keys, CTRL keys, ALT keys, and arrow keys WINDOWS key APPLICATION key Toggle keys
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The Keyboard The insertion point, also known as the cursor, is a symbol on the screen that indicates where the next character you type will appear
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The Keyboard Wired Keyboards USB port Keyboard port Wireless Keyboards
Bluetooth IrDA
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The Keyboard An ergonomic keyboard has a design that reduces the chance of wrist and hand injuries Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety into the design of the workplace
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The Keyboard Keyboards on mobile devices typically are smaller and/or have fewer keys Some phones have predictive text input, which saves time when entering text using the phone’s keypad
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Pointing Devices A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to control a pointer on the screen A pointer is a small symbol on the screen whose location and shape change as a user moves a pointing device
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Mouse A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably Most widely used pointing device on desktop computers A mouse can be wired or wireless
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Mouse Mouse operations Point Click Right-click Double-click
Triple-click Drag Right-drag Rotate wheel Free-spin wheel Press wheel Tilt wheel Press thumb button
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Other Pointing Devices
Trackball A trackball is a stationary pointing device with a ball on its top or side Touchpad A touchpad is a small, flat, rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion Pointing Stick A pointing stick is a pressure-sensitive pointing device shaped like a pencil eraser that is positioned between keys on a keyboard
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Touch Screens and Touch-Sensitive Pads
A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display device
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Touch Screens and Touch-Sensitive Pads
Microsoft Surface Touch-sensitive pads
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Pen Input With pen input, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw, or make selections
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Other Input for Smart Phones
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Motion-sensing controllers
Game Controllers Video games and computer games use a game controller as the input device that directs movements and actions of on- screen objects Gamepads Joysticks and Wheels Light guns Dance pads Motion-sensing controllers
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Game Controllers
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Digital Cameras A digital camera is a mobile device that allows users to take pictures and store them digitally Studio cameras Field cameras Point-and-shoot camera
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Digital Cameras
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Number of bits stored in each pixel
Digital Cameras Two factors affect the quality of digital camera photos: Resolution Resolution is the number of horizontal and vertical pictures in a display device A pixel is the smallest element in an electronic display Number of bits stored in each pixel Each pixel consists of one or more bits of data The more bits used to represent a pixel, the more colors and shades of gray that can be represented
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Voice Input Voice input is the process of entering input by speaking into a microphone Voice recognition is the computer’s capability of distinguishing spoken words
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Voice Input Audio input is the process of entering any sound into the computer Speech Music Sound Effects
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Voice Input Music production software allows users to record, compose, mix, and edit music and sounds
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Video Input Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and storing them on a computer’s storage medium Record video on a digital video (DV) camera or use a video capture card to convert analog signals to digital Connect the camera to a port on the system unit Transfer video and images
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Video Input
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Video Input A Web cam is a type of digital video camera that enables a user to: Capture video and still images Send messages with video attachments Add live images to instant messages Broadcast live images over the Internet Make video telephone calls
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Video Input A video conference is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people
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Scanners and Reading Devices
Flatbed Pen or Handheld Sheet-fed Drum
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Scanners and Reading Devices
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Scanners and Reading Devices
Optical character recognition (OCR) involves reading characters from ordinary documents A turnaround document is a document you return to the company that creates and sends it
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Scanners and Reading Devices
Optical mark recognition (OMR) reads hand-drawn marks such as small circles or rectangles An OMR device scans the documents and matches the patterns of light
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Scanners and Reading Devices
A bar code reader, also called a bar code scanner uses laser beams to read bar codes
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Scanners and Reading Devices
RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves RFID can track: Inventory Location of soldiers Employee wardrobes Airline baggage Gauging tire pressure and temperature Library books Prepaid tolls
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Scanners and Reading Devices
Magnetic stripe card readers read the magnetic stripe on the back of cards such as: Credit cards Entertainment cards Bank cards Other similar cards
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Scanners and Reading Devices
MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) devices read text printed with magnetized ink An MICR reader converts MICR characters into a form the computer can process Banking industry uses MICR for check processing
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Scanners and Reading Devices
Data collection devices obtain data directly at the location where the transaction or event takes place Used in: Restaurants Grocery stores Factories Warehouses The outdoors
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Biometric Input Biometrics authenticates a person’s identity by verifying a personal characteristic Fingerprint reader Face recognition system Hand geometry system Voice verification system Signature verification system Iris recognition system Retinal scanners
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iris recognition system
Biometric Input hand geometry system iris recognition system fingerprint reader
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A DVD kiosk is a self-service DVD rental machine
Terminals A terminal is a computer that allows users to send data to and/or receive information from a host computer A POS terminal records purchases, processes payment, and updates inventory An automated teller machine (ATM) allows users to access their bank accounts A DVD kiosk is a self-service DVD rental machine
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Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users
Several input devices are available to assist physically challenged users: Keyguard Keyboards with larger keys On-screen keyboard Various pointing devices Head-mounted pointer Gesture recognition Computerized implant devices
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Input Devices for Physically Challenged Users
Keyboard with larger keys Head-mounted pointer
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Output Devices Output is data that has been processed into a useful form
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What Is Output? An output device is any type of hardware component that conveys information to one or more people Display devices Printers Speakers, headphones, and ear buds Data projectors Interactive whiteboards Force-feedback game controllers Tactile output
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Display Devices A display device visually conveys text, graphics, and video information A monitor is packaged as a separate peripheral LCD monitor Widescreen
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Display Devices Liquid crystal display (LCD) uses a liquid compound to present information on a display device Active-matrix display Passive-matrix display
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Display Devices The quality of an LCD monitor or LCD screen depends primarily on: Resolution Response time Brightness Dot pitch Contrast ratio
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Display Devices Resolution is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display device A higher resolution uses a greater number of pixels
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Display Devices The graphics processing unit (GPU) controls the manipulation and display of graphics on a display device LCD monitors use a digital signal and should plug into a DVI port, and HDMI port, or a DisplayPort
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Display Devices Plasma monitors are display devices that use gas plasma technology and offer screen sizes up to 150 inches
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Display Devices Televisions also are a good output device
Require a converter if you are connecting your computer to an analog television Digital television (DTV) offers a crisper, higher-quality output HDTV is the most advanced form of digital television
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Display Devices A CRT monitor is a desktop monitor that contains a cathode-ray tube Have a much larger footprint than do LCD monitors
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Printers A printer produces text and graphics on a physical medium
Printed information is called a hard copy, or printout Landscape or portrait orientation
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Printers
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Printers A nonimpact printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually striking the paper Ink-jet printers Photo printers Laser printers Thermal printers Mobile printers Label and postage printers Plotters Large-format printers
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Printers An ink-jet printer forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper Color or black-and-white Printers with a higher dpi (dots per inch) produce a higher quality output
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Printers
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Printers A photo printer produces color photo-lab-quality pictures
Most use ink-jet technology PictBridge allows you to print photos directly from a digital camera Print from a memory card and preview photos on a built-in LCD screen
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Printers
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Printers Laser printer High-speed High-quality Color Black-and-white
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Printers
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Printers A multifunction peripheral (MFP) is a single device that prints, scans, copies, and in some cases, faxes Sometimes called an all-in-one device
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Printers A thermal printer generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against the heat-sensitive paper Thermal wax-transfer printer Dye-sublimation printer
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Printers A mobile printer is a small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows a mobile user to print from a mobile device
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Printers A label printer is a small printer that prints on adhesive-type material A postage printer prints postage stamps Postage also can be printed on other types of printers
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Printers Plotters are used to produce high-quality drawings
Large-format printers create photo-realistic quality color prints on a larger scale
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Printers Impact printers form characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper Dot-matrix printer Line printer
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Printers A dot-matrix printer produces printed images when tiny wire pins on a print head mechanism strike an inked ribbon A line printer prints an entire line at a time
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Speakers, Headphones, and Ear buds
An audio output device produces music, speech, or other sounds Most computer users attach speakers to their computers to: Generate higher-quality sounds for playing games Interact with multimedia presentations Listen to music View movies
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Speakers, Headphones, and Ear buds
Headphones are speakers that cover your head or are placed outside of the ear Earbuds (also called earphones) rest inside the ear canal
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Speakers, Headphones, and Ear buds
Some speakers are specifically designed to play audio from a portable media player Wireless speakers
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Speakers, Headphones, and Ear buds
Voice output occurs when you hear a person’s voice or when the computer talks to you through the speakers Some Web sites dedicate themselves to providing voice output Often works with voice input VoIP uses voice output and voice input
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Other Output Devices Other output devices are available for specific uses and applications Data projectors Interactive whiteboards Force-feedback game controllers Tactile output
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Other Output Devices A data projector is a device that takes the text and images displaying on a computer screen and projects them on a larger screen Digital light processing (DLP) projector
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Other Output Devices An interactive whiteboard is a touch-sensitive device, resembling a dry- erase board, that displays the image on a connected computer screen
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Other Output Devices Force-feedback sends resistance to the device in response to actions of the user Tactile output provides the user with a physical response from the device
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Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users
Many accessibility options exist for users with various disabilities
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