1. The Age of Exploration
World History

2. What is it?
was a period in human history starting in the 15th Century and continuing into the 17th Century, during which Europeans explored the world by ocean searching for trading partners and particular trade goods.

4. Motives/Causes Increase desire to trade with Asia
A desire to find a new route to the riches of Asia (faster)
Curiosity about the world inspired by the Crusades and the tales of Marco Polo.
Technological Advances made it possible
3 G’s: God, Glory, Gold

5. Motives 1. Glory: Discovery of Fantastic Lands
A. The Travels of John Manderville
B. Magical Kingdom of Prester John (Africa)
C. Lands of giants and other evil creatures
D. Mysterious Christian kingdoms (India)
2. Gold: Economics
A. Spices, silks, porcelain from Asia
B. New trading areas, direct access to the East

6. In other words: GOD, GLORY & GOLD
Motives, continued
3. God: Religious Zeal
A. Crusading mentality
1. Portugal & Spain (Catholic)
B. Convert the heathens worldwide
C. Spiritual & secular matters closely intertwined
In other words: GOD, GLORY & GOLD

7. Technological Advances
Advances in technology such as the astrolabe and the compass made ocean navigation more exact.
Better ships
Better maps
Compass
Astrolabe
(Measured the latitude using the stars at night)

8. Explorers

9. Prince Henry the Navigator
Set up a school for sailors
Secured financing for expeditions
Sent explorers down the coast of Africa

10. Bartholomeu Dias
1488, Dias reached the southern tip of Africa, latter called the Cape of Good Hope.

11. Christopher Columbus
hoped to find a route to the east (West Indies, Asia) by sailing west.
1492 discovered what would become known as “The New World”.

12. Effects/Results
Economic: Overseas expansion led to increased power and wealth for European powers
Destruction of empires and civilizations in the Americas
Social change: impact of sugar and spices
Exchange of diseases
Cultural changes (Christianity spread)
Growth of the middle class (Europe)
Slave Trade began (Amerindians died of diseases)

13. Countries Involved South America North America Portugal (began first)
Spain
England
France

14. Rivalry Portugal and Spain worried the other would claim their lands
Line of Demarcation (imaginary line dividing spheres, line ran N & S)
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
East of Line: Portugal
West of Line: Spain

15. Voyages of Exploration
Extension

16. Age of Exploration Assignment
You have a selected explorer.
On an index card do the following:
Front
Write their name (written in pen)
Print Picture of them
Back
What country are they from
Years they navigated
What areas did the navigate, explorer, or discover?

17. Spanish Empire Conquistadors: Spanish conquerors
Hernan Cortes: Aztec
Francisco Pizarro: Inca
Took lands, controlled people, converted to Christianity, mistreated Natives, changed American culture

18. Encomienda Established by the Spanish in their American Colonies.
Spanish Used Native People as Cheap Labor
Spanish Converted many Native People to Catholic Religion

19. Mercantilism
Economic Theory Tied into the Age of Exploration and Colonization.
Wealth and Power of a Nation is Measured in Gold, Silver, and number of colonies
Colonies Exist for the Benefit of the Mother Country

20. Slave Trade
1518: first ship arrived in the Americas with the 1st slaves from Africa
Triangular Trade
Middle Passage: the journey of slaves from Africa to Americas
275,000 Africans exported in the 16th century. (approx)

21. Triangular Trade Trade Between Europe, Africa, and the Americas
Manufactured Goods, Slaves, and raw materials such as sugar cane.

22. Slave Labor
Cheap Labor to Replace Native People that died from diseases.
Brought from Africa.

23. Slavery Causes Effects Needed cheap labor in Americas
Sugar Plantations
Effects
Effected lives of slaves
Increased warfare in Africa
Population declined in Africa
New culture influence in the Americas

24. Columbian Exchange
Global Transfer of Goods, Animals, Plants, Foods, and Diseases between the Americas and Europe.

25. Columbian Exchange Old World to New World: New World to Old World:
Diseases:
Smallpox Measles Chicken Pox Malaria Yellow Fever Influenza The Common Cold
Syphilis
Animals:
Horses Cattle Pigs Sheep Goats Chickens
Turkeys Llamas Alpacas Guinea Pigs
Plants:
Rice Wheat Barley Oats Coffee Sugarcane Bananas Melons Olives Dandelions Daisies Clover Ragweed Kentucky Bluegrass
Corn (Maize) Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties) Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties) Tobacco Peanuts Squash Peppers Tomatoes Pumpkins Pineapples Cacao (Source of Chocolate) Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum) Papayas Manioc (Tapioca) Guavas Avocados