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Problems at the turn of the Century

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Presentation on theme: "Problems at the turn of the Century"— Presentation transcript:

1 Problems at the turn of the Century
Progressivism and Problems in American Society Around 1900

2 Urbanization and City Life
Cities grew rapidly which led to problems Overcrowding Lack of Infrastructure No Fire Protection, Fire Codes, or Building Codes Little if any Sanitation or Plumbing Tenements There was also no government regulation on anything (Capitalism) which caused many problems to get worse

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5 Conditions at Work Most people in the cities got low paying unskilled jobs in factories Factory and assembly line jobs were Boring, Repetitive, and Strenuous Conditions were Dangerous Very little pay and Piecework Again there was no government interference with business or labor practices, so there were no safety rules or minimum wage

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7 Dangerous Products “Buyer Beware”
There were also no rules about what kind of product a company sold, dangerous sometimes deadly products were sold everyday Factory assembly lines made more products available to people No regulations about foods or medicines No regulation of business in anyway led to monopolies Upton Sinclair wrote “The Jungle” which exposed the horrible conditions in the meat packing industry

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11 Urbanization & Industrialization
Forests were clear cut to build factories or to use the lumber as building material Food sources are needed to feed the growing population Ranching stripped the land of vegetation

12 Extracting Natural Resources Caused More Problems
Mining for…Copper, Silver, Gold, Iron, Coal and Oil Coal mining booms to over 100 million tons a year Environmentally harmful / Dangerous / No Regulations Expansion of Oil Drilling Most people saw no problem with destroying the environment to build business and the economy

13 Water and Air Pollution
No rules regarding pollution Factories produce air pollution Pittsburgh was particularly dirty (Steel factories) Animal waste in cities Water is polluted with sewage, and factory waste

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16 Corruption in Politics
Corruption- Dishonest or illegal behavior especially by powerful people, such as government officials In 1900, the National, and many State, and Local governments were corrupt Government Officials were Lying / Cheating / Stealing/ Bribing, to benefit themselves and their supporters

17 Political Machines Political Machine- Full time politicians who only want to maintain Power, Money, and Influence Political Machines existed in many American cities and were controlled by a Political Boss (Tammany Hall / Boss Tweed / NYC) Political Machines stayed in power by offering assistance to people in exchange for their votes

18 Political Machines at the State Level
Controlled who got jobs Controlled business opportunities Rigged elections Used payoffs and bribes Passed laws that favored Big Business

19 Corruption on the National Level
Political Machines Rigged elections of Senators Bribed government officials Patronage (Giving jobs to your friends and supporters…whether they are qualified or not) The Pendleton Act as passed to help end Patronage

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21 Social Class in the United States
Upper Class Owners of Business Mostly lived in cities in Mansions Middle Class Doctors / Lawyers / Managers / Other Professionals Mostly lived in Suburban areas Lower Class Unskilled Labor / Factory Jobs Mostly lived in Ethnic Neighborhoods and Tenements

22 Life for African Americans in 1900
35 years after the Civil War & the end of slavery Jim Crow Laws and Segregation Literacy tests and poll taxes violate the 15th Amendment Lynching of African Americans in the South Many African Americans move to Northern cities to get jobs and escape segregation

23 Life for Women in 1900 By 1900, 18% of women had jobs
New electrical appliances made life easier Women started to attend college Women start to get the right to vote at the state and local levels

24 American Family in 1900 Child Labor- 1.7 million children are working
No public education, so only people with money can afford to educate their children Temperance movement to ban alcohol, led by women and families, begins

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26 Improving Living Conditions
1901- New York City makes the Tenement House Act All Tenements must have Courtyards, for Fresh Air, Light, and Fire Safety Bathrooms / Indoor Plumbing Sanitation Departments are formed in cities NYC- White Wings

27 Ending Child Labor 1893- Illinois is the first state to ban Child Labor had passed Child Labor Laws Limited work hours Set minimum age limits Less children working meant more time for school The criminal court system is split so the age of juvenile offenders is considered

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29 Improving Working Conditions
By 1916 ….2/3 of states have some laws about Workers’ Compensation Other than that….not much is being done, yet

30 Limiting Corruption in Local Government
Mayors of cities start to make changes to improve their cities Parks / Playgrounds Police / Fire Departments Minimum Wage Cities change the way their government is set up City Commissioners / Councils / Managers

31 Limiting Corruption in State Government
State governments change election rules to limit voter fraud Secret Ballot Direct Primary State governments change election rules to allow people more of a say in what happens in their state Recall Elections Initiatives Referendums

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33 Women’s Rights Women’s Suffrage
states allow women to vote states allow women to vote The 19th Amendment to the Constitution is passed granting women the right to vote nationwide

34 African Americans Help Themselves
Founding of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama by Booker T. Washington Set up as an college specifically for African Americans Booker T. Washington encouraged African Americans to help themselves Formation of the NAACP by W.E.B. DuBois (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) Fought to end segregation and violent acts towards African Americans like Lynching Fought for Voting rights for African Americans

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