1. Geographic Colonialism & Theories

2. What is colonialism?
The practice of establishing political dominance over a people for economic, political or territorial gain.

3. Organic Theory & the growth of states ~ Fredrich Razel
Razel came up with term Geopolitics
Organic Theory- a state is like a living thing that constantly needs to grow to thrive
Razel’s theory describes colonization saying that states needed to take on new territory in order to meet the demands of their growing populations

4. Europe and Colonization
Europeans largest colonizers
Colonized for 4 reasons
1. Spread Christianity (GOD)
2. Gain natural resources (GOLD)
3. Prestige of owning more land (GLORY)
4. Benefits more land could offer (GEOGRAPHY)

5. Impacts of Colonialism
French in Quebec
South America being similar to the Iberian Peninsula (Spain & Portugal) in language, religion, architecture, customs
Spanish last names in the Philippines
Suriname speaking Dutch
English in the United States

6. Effects of Colonization
Creation of Core and Periphery
Core States- industrialized states
Formally known as 1st world countries
States that had colonies
Ex. US, England, Germany, France, Japan
Periphery or peripheral state- developing countries
Formally known as the 3rd world
Former colonies
Sub-Saharan Africa, Central America
Semi-Periphery
Former colonies that are developing quickly
Example: China

7. Types of Empires from colonization
Land
Conquest by force, “Might makes right”
Ex: Spanish conquest of Mexico

8. Types of Empires
Sea
Settlements along coast, excursions into interior brings loot to settlements to ship back to Europe
Ex: Portugal settled Rio de Janiero and Sao Paulo along Brazilian coast, Brazilian government moved capital inland and created Brasilia to encourage settlement inland.

9. Brazil-Find Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo and Brasilia

10. Brasilia- Forward Capital
Forward Capital- a capital city that is put in a particular location to show that the home country has the intention of using land that is not in current use.

11. Types of Empires Settlement
Settlers intend to stay a long time, once colony is established settlers begin sending resources back to home country
Ex: British in the United States

12. World Domination Theories
Heartland Theory
Sir Halford MacKinder
Rimland Theory
Nicholas Spykman

13. Heartland Theory (1904)
Whoever owns Eastern Europe and Western Asia has the political power and capital to rule the world.

14. Heartland Theory
Eastern Europe contained one of the richest agricultural regions in the world, abundant coal as well.
Hitler believed in this theory which is why he invaded Eastern Europe

15. Rimland Theory AKA: “Godfather of Containment”
Forming alliances is necessary to keep the Heartland in check. Because Heartland is so powerful no individual country can contain it by itself.
Hence creation of NATO and other alliances

16. Rimland Theory
Spykman believed the Heartland may control the land but the Rimland controls the sea, so Heartland is trapped because of its own geography

17. Heartland & Rimland Map

18. What is Globalization?
Process by which the people of the world are unified into a single society
How can globalization affect the unity of states?

19. Globalization
Transnational Corporations- a corporation or enterprise that manages production establishments or delivers services in at least two countries
Resources (Periphery)
Production (Periphery, Semi-Periphery)
Marketing and ownership (Core)
What are some transnational corporations?
Coca-Cola, Honda, ExxonMobil, Ford Motor Company, Wal-Mart Stores Inc.
How can globalization be a centrifugal force?

20. Globalization
International Nongovernmental Organizations (NGO)- International group of private individuals with one common goal
no participation or representation of any government
(Interest groups at the international level)
What are some examples:
Greenpeace, Amnesty International, Doctors Without Borders
How can International NGOs inhibit the development of a nation state?

21. Globalization
Supranational organizations- 3 or more states joined together for a common goal
(Not super-natural)
What would the purposes be for joining a Supranational Organization?
What are some examples of supranational organizations?
UN, European Union, NATO, NAFTA

22. United Nations International cooperation in:
International law
International security
Economic development
Social progress
Human rights issues
Includes all 192 states in the world

23. United Nations Organization
General Assembly- Includes all member nations
Headed by Secretary General
Ban Ki-Moon
Security Council (Veto Power)
15 members
10 Temporary members
5 Permanent members
China, France, Russia, UK and US

24. United Nations Agencies and Programs World Health Organization (WHO)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
World Bank
International Monetary Fund
World Trade Organization
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
What are some problems with cutting tariffs?

25. Regional Organizations
European Union
What benefits would Europe have cooperating with each other?
Created in 1995
Integration of Economies
Currency (Euro), transportation, agriculture and fisheries, travel, lack of tariffs
Make and enforce laws

26. EU

27. Other Regional Organizations
North American Free Trade Agreement
Caribbean Community and Common Market
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
African Union

28. FRQ Hint Review your map of South Asia
Centripetal and centrifugal forces
Know what the word “viability” means