1. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

2. Ivan Pavlov

4. In classical conditioning, an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another.
The organism learns that the first stimulus is a signal for the second stimulus.
In Pavlov’s experiment, the sound of the bell signaled the dogs that food might be coming.

8. KEY CONCEPTS OF CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) A stimulus that elicits a response without conditioning
Unconditioned Response (UCR) Automatic response elicited by the unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) A neutral stimulus that when paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) elicits a similar response
Conditioned Response (CR) A response that is learned by pairing the originally neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) with the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

9. Classroom example When the word test was called out
What is the Conditioned Stimulus?
When the word test was called out
What is the Unconditioned Stimulus?
when the test was handed out
What is the Unconditioned Response?
when the student perspired

10. Extinction
The extinction occurs when the conditioned response no longer occurs after repeated pairings without the unconditioned stimulus.
But the behaviour may not be forgotten. If you wait a day, the dog may have a spontaneous recovery of the conditioned response and salivate again to the bell.

11. Generalization
Occurs when there is a small difference in the presented stimulus and the original conditioned stimulus.
If Pavlov’s dog heard a bell of a similar tone, the dog would still salivate

12. Discrimination Discrimination is the opposite of generalization
Discrimination happens when a conditioned response does not occur when there is a difference between the presented stimulus and the original conditioned stimulus.
For example if Pavlov’s dog heard a bell with a different tone and was not awarded the unconditioned stimulus (food), the dog would learn not to salivate to the second tone

13. John Watson

14. John B. Watson (1916, 1926), an American psychologist is credited as the founder of behaviorism.
Watson tried to make the new field of psychology more scientific.

15. “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own special world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to be any type of specialist I might select – a doctor, a lawyer, artist…” -Watson 1924

16. What Watson set out to prove was that behavior is the end result of learning, and that learning is a classically conditioned response to environmental stimulus

17. Watson and his friend Rayner’s Experiment With Little Albert
The white rat is a neutral stimulus.
The loud noise is an unconditioned stimulus.
Albert's fear is the unconditioned response. After conditioning:
The white rat becomes a conditioned stimulus.
Albert's fear becomes a conditioned reflex.