1. Chapter 32, Section 2
“Japan Strikes in the Pacific”

3. Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor
Japan’s Southeast Asian Plans
-if Japan conquered European colonies in Asia, American-controlled Philippine Islands & Guam threatened
U.S. sent aid to China to stop Japanese advance
Japan overran Indochina
- FDR cut off oil shipments to Japan
Isoroku Yamamoto called for attack on U.S. fleet in Hawaii
- it was a “dagger pointed at Japan’s throat” & must be destroyed
Isoroku Yamamoto

4. Although Yamamoto argued for the attack on Pearl Harbor, he held no illusions about the war’s final outcome.
He admitted to an aide,
“In the first six to twelve months of a war with the United States and Britain, I will run wild and win victory after victory. After that, I have no expectation of success.”

5. Day of Infamy –December 7, 1941
Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii
-sunk or damaged 19 ships; +2,300 killed + 1,100 wounded
-declared by FDR, “a date which will live in infamy”
President Roosevelt
speaking to Congress
following the attacks
on Pearl Harbor

6. Pearl Harbor

7. Tide of Japanese Victories
Japanese attacked British colony of Hong Kong
also attacked American-controlled Guam & Wake Island
landed invasion force in Thailand

9. News footage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBuZQhDO-Nk

10. Japanese Victories British Possessions in Asia
1. Singapore surrendered to Japan
2. Japan conquered Dutch East Indies & Burma
3. Japan had control of +1 million square miles of Asian land
a. about 150 million people lived in this area
b. often treated people of new colonies w/ cruelty
Disguised their intentions by dropping leaflets before attacks, proclaiming “Asians for Asians!”

11. Japanese Victories The Philippines
-January 1942 – Japanese marched into Manila
- American & Filipino took defense on Bataan Peninsula
- after about 3 months of fighting, Japan took Bataan
Peninsula
General Douglas MacArthur promised,
“I shall return,” to his troops left behind
in the Philippines.

12. . . . Bataan Death March
At dawn April 9, 1942, Major General Edward P. King, Jr., surrendered more than 75,000 starving and disease-ridden American soldiers, sailors, and Marines and their Filipino allies,
to overwhelming Japanese forces.
He inquired of the
Japanese colonel to
whom he tendered his
pistol whether
the Americans
and Filipinos
would be well treated.
The Japanese aide-de-camp indignantly replied: “We are not barbarians.”
The next 14 days
would prove otherwise.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.

13. . . . Bataan Death March August, 1942
The men were marched 65 miles into Japanese Prisoner-of-War camps.
(See “A Voice from the Past,”
text p. 828)
The 75,000 prisoners of war were bound, beaten, or killed by their Japanese captors. Some were bayoneted when they fell from exhaustion.
Some were forced to dig their own graves and were buried alive.
Only 56,000 prisoners
reached camp alive.
Thousands of them later died
from malnutrition and disease.
In August, 1945, the Russian Army
liberated the prison camp.
T.W. Loessin, Akins H.S.

14. about 70,000 prisoners started, only 54,000 survived
Bataan Death March
about 70,000 prisoners started, only 54,000 survived

15. The Allies Strike Back and Turn the Tide
Doolittle’s Raid
Battle of Coral Sea
Battle of Midway

16. Doolittle’s Raid
April, 1942 – 16 B-25 bombers under command of Lieutenant Colonel Doolittle
bombed Tokyo & other Japanese cities
did little damage- but showed that Japan could be attacked
Lieutenant Colonel James H. Doolittle

17. Battle of the Coral Sea New kind of Naval warfare
Airplanes taking off from aircraft carriers attacked the ships
Not a single shot fired from opposing ships
Allies suffered more loses, but stopped Japan’s advance
Was a draw, but Japan claimed victory

18. The Battle of Midway Allies aware Japanese were headed toward Midway
Chester Nimitz – commander in chief of U.S. Pacific Fleet
Nimitz allowed Japanese to begin assault
American planes swooped in to attack Japanese fleet
-332 Japanese planes, 4 aircraft carriers, & 1 support ship destroyed
June 7, 1942 – battle was over
turned the tide of war in the Pacific
US outnumbered 4-1 in ships and planes
Yamamoto himself, was aboard the largest battleship- in the world!
Yamamoto hoped to finish off the US Pacific fleet, even hoping the American force would come from Pearl Harbor to defend the island
Chester Nimitz
Battle of Midway
June, 1942

19. Allies Go on the Offensive
Douglas MacArthur – commander of Allied land forces in
Pacific
war in Pacific involved vast distances
MacArthur developed plan “island-hopping”
bypass strongholds to strike weak points
Use air power to cut supply lines and starve enemy troops
“Hit ‘em where they aint, let ‘em die on the vine”
General Douglas MacArthur

20. Battle of Guadalcanal Japan was building a huge air base on island
U.S. Marines & Australian troops landed
months of fighting on land & sea
Japanese lost 24,000 of 36,000 soldiers
Japanese called it “the Island of Death”
Japan surprised by 19,000 allied troops
Radio radioed to Tokyo,
“Enemy forces overwhelming! We will defend our posts to the death!”

21. Essential Questions
Why did President Franklin Roosevelt declare December 7, 1941 “a date which will live in infamy?”
2. What was General Douglas MacArthur’s “island-hopping” strategy?