1. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Lesson 1-2-3

2. DEFINITIONS Computer: Data:
A computer is an electronic machine that receives input, stores and automatically processes data, and provides output in a useful format.
Data:
Data is raw & unorganized facts and figures that need to be processed.

3. DEFINITIONS Information: Information Technology:
When data is processed and organized so as to make it useful and meaningful, it is called Information.
Information Technology:
A term that refers to both the hardware and software that is used to store, retrieve and manipulate information.

4. ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERS
Speed and accuracy of calculations and processing.
Save huge amounts of data.
Economic in cost and time.
Network communications.

5. COMPUTER GENERATIONS 1st Generation (Vacuum Tubes) Very huge in size.
Very expensive.
Very low processing speed.
Relied on the machine
language to perform operations.

6. COMPUTER GENERATIONS 2nd Generation (Transistors) Smaller Faster
Cheaper

7. COMPUTER GENERATIONS 3rd Generation (Integrated Circuits)
The speed and the efficiency of the computers were increased.

8. COMPUTER GENERATIONS 4th Generation (Present Microprocessor)
Most powerful.
Can be linked together to form networks.
Fastest and most efficient.

9. TYPES OF COMPUTER

10. SUPER COMPUTER Biggest and most powerful.
Rare because of their cost and size.
Used by companies like NASA.

11. MAINFRAME COMPUTER Great processing speed and data storage.
Often connected to many individual PCs with limited processing capabilities called dumb terminals.
Used in Banks, Airlines etc.

12. MINICOMPUTER A Midsize Computer not very common now.
Minimized in size and power.
Can connect up to 200 users at a time.

13. MICROCOMPUTER Called Personal computer (PC)
Small enough to fit on top of a desk, which can be used by one user at a time.
Used in homes, schools etc.

14. WORKSTATION COMPUTER High-end microcomputer .
Used by one person at a time.
Commonly connected to a local area network.

15. CONTROL COMPUTER
Used for controlling operations in industrial, medical devices and travel media like planes and cars
Also used to alert in any dangerous case.

16. PARTS OF A PERSONAL COMPUTER

17. Computer
Hardware
Software

18. DEFINITIONS Hardware:
The physical parts of a computer which you can see and touch.

19. Hardware 1) Input Devices 2) Output Devices 3) Processing Unit
4) Memory Unit
5) Storage Devices

20. HARDWARE
1) Input Devices: Devices used to translate the data into a form that the computer can process.

21. a) Keyboard
It is a board containing the keys of letters, numbers and some functions which allows you to type information into the computer.

22. b) Mouse
A small hand-held device used to point, select, click on items and to drag and drop items from one place to another.

23. c) Scanner
It allows you to scan pictures, text and images and save it to your computer in a digital form.

24. d) Bar Code Reader
Photoelectric scanners that translate the bar code symbols into digital form.

25. e) Joystick
Small hand-lever that can be moved in any directions to control movement on the screen.
It can be used for playing games.

26. HARDWARE
2) Output Devices: Devices used to translate the processed information into a form that humans can understand.

27. a) Monitor (computer screen)
It displays the text, information and pictures.
They are different in (Size and Resolution)

28. b) Printer
It produces a hard copy of the material you are working on. Types: 1) Laser Printer 2) Ink-jet Printers

29. c) Plotters
It is similar to a printer but allows you to print larger images.

30. d) Speakers / Headphone
They are used to output voice from a computer

31. NOTE:
Some devices can be used as both Input and output devices at the same time such as
Touch Screen:
It receives input from the touch of a finger.

32. HARDWARE 3) Processing unit (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)
The most important part of a computer system.
Referred to as the brain of the computer.
Determines the speed of computer which is measured in MHz or GHz.
1 GHz= 1000 MHz

33. CPU (Central Processing Unit )
CPU consists of:
CU (Control Unit): It tells the computer system how to carry out program instructions from the memory. It controls and coordinates all activities of the computer.
ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit): It performs mathematical and logical operations

34. HARDWARE
4) Memory unit
Memory
RAM
ROM

35. RAM (Random Access Memory)
The operating system is loaded into the RAM when you switch on your computer.
Used to store applications that you are currently working with.
It is temporary (volatile).

36. ROM (Read Only Memory)
It has special programs which are built-in when you buy the computer.
Used to store control programs.
It is permanent (non-volatile).

37. HARDWARE
5) Storage Devices: Hardware devices which are used to record and store data.

38. 1) INTERNAL STORAGE HARD DISK
It is the most important storage media in the computer.
It stores operating system and programs.

39. 2) EXTERNAL STORAGE a) Flash Memory
A compact and easy-to-use device for transferring data between computers.

40. b) CD (Compact Disk)
An optical disk which uses laser to read information.
It has 750 MB capacity.

41. c) DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)
A high-density video disc that stores large amounts of data, especially high-resolution audio-visual material like movies, encyclopedia etc.
The capacity is up to 17 GB.

42. DISK AND MEMORY CAPACITY
The first level of storage is called bit (the bit is referred to a binary number 0 or 1).
8 bits = Byte
1024 bytes = Kilo Byte (KB)
1024 KB = Mega Byte (MB)
1024 MB = Giga Byte (GB)
1024 GB = Tera Byte (TB).

43. COMPUTER PERFORMANCE The speed of the processor. The capacity of RAM.
The capacity and the speed of the Hard disk. 43

44. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Lesson 4-5-6

45. SOFTWARE
Software are instructions that tell the computer what to do and how to perform.

46. Software
Operating System
Application

47. 1) OPERATING SYSTEM Examples of operating system:
An interface between hardware and user, which is responsible for the management of activities and the sharing of the resources of a computer.
Examples of operating system:
MS DOS (Disk Operating System)
MS Windows (98 – Me – 2000 – XP – Vista – 7).
MAC OS.
UNIX.

48. OPERATING SYSTEM TYPES
a. CLI (Command Line Interface):
A user interface in which you type commands instead of choosing them from a menu or selecting an icon.

49. OPERATING SYSTEM TYPES
b. GUI (Graphical User Interface):
A visual way of interacting with a computer using items such as windows, icons, and menus.
It is user-friendly. 49

50. OPERATING SYSTEM TASKS
Interface: provides an interface between the user and the machine.
Resource management: Allocates computer resources such as CPU time, main memory, secondary storage, and input and output devices for use.
Input/output management: Checks the input and output of the data, their location, storage, and retrieval.
File management: Sets up directories to organize files according to their type and displaying a list of files stored on a particular disk.

51. 2) APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Special software to do special functions.

52. EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS
Word Processor:
It is used to write and format texts, insert tables and pictures, e.g. MS Word.
Spreadsheet:
It is used for automatic calculations and creating charts, e.g. MS Excel.
Database:
A structured set of data held in a computer, e.g. MS Access.

53. EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS
Web Browser:
A program designed to enable users to access, retrieve and view documents and other resources on the Internet, e.g. Internet Explorer.
Presentation:
It is used to design slides for business and education, e.g. MS PowerPoint.

54. COMPUTER NETWORKS

55. NETWORK DEFINITION
It is a set of tow or more connected computers to share resources.

56. ADVANTAGE OF USING NETWORKS
Information sharing.
Resources sharing (printers).
Software sharing.
Information protection (user names and passwords) s.

57. NETWORK TYPES
LAN.
WAN.

58. 1) LAN ( Local Area Network)
It is a group of computers connected together in the same region or limited area.

59. 2) WAN (Wide Area Network)
A network that connects computers over wide geographical area or may be other countries using telephone lines or satellite.

60. MAIN PARTS OF NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Client: A computer connected to the network that doesn’t have any control privilege. Server: It is a computer that is responsible for controlling network resources. Resources: All files, printers and other hardware or software that the network users can share.

61. INTERNET (INTERCONNECTED NETWORK)
It is a global network of inter-connected networks.
A system of connected computers that allows your computer to exchange data, messages and files with any of the millions of other connected computers.

62. INTRANET (INTERNAL NETWORK)
An Intranet is a network of computers within a private company.
It is similar to Internet but can be accessed only by authorized members in the same organization.

63. EXTRANET (EXTERNAL NETWORK)
It is similar to an Intranet but it can be accessed by outsiders who have the permission to access the company’s network.

64. Note: All of these networks need a modem to work.
The speed of modem called Transfer rate and it is measured by bps (bit per second).
New modem speed is measured in Mbps or Gbps.

65. TERMS
WWW (World Wide Web): A collection of web pages and related resources which are linked together across the internet. ISP (Internet Service Provider) It is a company that provides individuals and other companies access to the Internet, and other related services such as Web site building and virtual hosting.

66. TERMS URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
Every page has its own unique address.

67. TERMS Web Browsers: Cookie
They are software application used for retrieving and presenting an URL on the World Wide Web.
Cookie
A file created by an Internet site to store information on your computer.

68. TERMS Web Site Home Page
A computer Storage area that contains one or more web pages.
Home Page
The first web page you see when you lunch Internet Explorer.

69. TERMS
Search Engine Is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.

70. TERMS Downloading Uploading
The process of transferring a file from a network computer to a local computer.
Uploading
The process of transferring a file from your local computer to a network computer.

71. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Lesson 7-8

72. FIELDS OF USING IT IN OUR DAILY LIFE

73. COMPUTER IN EDUCATION
Schools have computer labs that give students access to resources they may not have at home.

74. COMPUTER IN MANAGEMENT
MIS (Management Information System)
It is a computer based system that drives data from all departments of an organization and produces reports of the organization's performance.

75. COMPUTER IN BANKS ATM machines.
By online banking you can pay bills and move money between accounts.

76. COMPUTER IN MEDICAL FIELDS
Manage hospitals files including files of all types of patients.
Assist doctors in diagnosing diseases.
Help the doctors in surgery.

77. COMPUTER IN PHARMACY
Financial transactions.
Storage system.

78. COMPUTER AND INDUSTRY FIELD
Artificial Intelligence:
It is a part of Computer Science which aims to design intelligent computer systems to help in solving problems, one of these systems is a Robot.
Robot is a machine created to simulate the human being activities in a fast and
organized manner.

79. COMPUTER AND INDUSTRY FIELD
Works can be performed by the Robot:
Welding and plumbing.
Handling dangerous materials.
Defusing bombs.

80. TELE-WORKING Advantages: Disadvantages:
Working from home and communicating with the office by phone, fax and computer
Advantages:
Reduced or zero commuting time.
Greater ability to focus on one task
Flexible schedules
Reduced office space requirements
Disadvantages:
Lack of human contact and competition
Negative impact on teamwork
No Self-discipline

81. E-DOCUMENTS Advantages:
Documents or files which are created by the computer applications e.g. text documents.
Advantages:
Reduces the need for printed material (books) which reduce the cost of printing.
Easy to share files online.
Easy to browse or search for a file on the computer.

82. E-COMMERCE Payment Methods of ecommerce:
Buying or selling via the internet usually using a credit card.
Payment Methods of ecommerce:
Visa Card.
Master Card.

83. THE ADVANTAGES OF THE E-COMMERCE
Global Market: you can buy from any country.
Open Time (24 hours a day).
Saves the client time.

84. THE DISADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE
Risk in payment due to disclosure of credit card number or bank account.
The risk of information leakage during transport to a hacker who might change the name of the buyer.

85. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Lesson 9-10-11

86. RIGHT METHODS TO DEAL WITH THE COMPUTER
Screen’s brightness and position should be comfortable for your eyes.
Keyboard should be in front of you, and under your hand.
You should put the mouse over a mouse pad to save it from dust
The chair and the table should be
adjustable and in good height.
Use cleaning tools to clean up
the computer.
Use original ink and good paper for printing.

87. RIGHT METHODS TO DEAL WITH THE COMPUTER

88. HEALTH PROBLEMS CAUSED BY THE WRONG USE OF COMPUTERS
Wrong distance from the computer screen can result in vision problems and eye inflammation.
Incorrect posture in front of the computer can cause neck pain, back pain and leg pain.
Inappropriate height of the table and chair can lead to back problems.

89. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PROTECTION

90. INFORMATION SECURITY
It is a science which focuses on how to provide protection to the information and to avoid misuse of data.

91. HOW TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR INFORMATION SYSTEM
Put password to log in for information.
Ensure that the source of attachments is genuine.
Adopt fingerprint, eye print or voice print systems in your Information system.
Create a backup copy of your work outside the system.

92. HOW TO PROVIDE PROTECTION FOR INFORMATION SYSTEM
Use of encryption technique: is the altering of data so that it is not usable to prevent it from unauthorized users
Don’t leave your computer open when not in use.
Don’t leave your devices with any person.

93. VIRUS
It is a software program which is written with the intention of causing damage in a computer system.

94. VIRUS SPREADING WAYS Computer networks.
Copying and distribution of illegal software through the internet

95. VIRUS PROTECTION WAYS Don’t use flash or CDs from unreliable sources.
Use only registered software.
Never open attachments from unreliable source.
Install an anti-virus program and always keep it up-to-date.