1. Topic: Reproduction and Development Aim: How do cells divide? Do Now: Explain the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction. What types of things reproduce sexually? Asexually? HW: PAGE 96-97 10 MAIN POINTS & FINISH HANDOUT

2. What are the two types of reproduction? Asexual reproductionAsexual reproduction Sexual reproductionSexual reproduction MITOSIS MEIOSIS

3. What is ASEXUAL Reproduction? Requires one parent that dividesRequires one parent that divides – Asexual “A”parent Offspring are identical to parentsOffspring are identical to parents Same # of chromosomesSame # of chromosomes

4. How does ASEXUAL reproduction occur? MITOSIS – cell divisionMITOSIS – cell division One cell divides into two identical daughter cells (same # of chromosomes as parent)One cell divides into two identical daughter cells (same # of chromosomes as parent) Occurs in all body cells EXCEPT sex cellsOccurs in all body cells EXCEPT sex cells

5. What are the steps of Mitosis? InterphaseInterphase ProphaseProphase MetaphaseMetaphase AnaphaseAnaphase TelophaseTelophase –Cytokinesis

6. Interphase The mass of DNA inside the nucleus during interphase is known as CHROMATIN. CHROMATIN

7. Prophase

8. Metaphase

9. Anaphase

10. Telophase

11. What are the steps of Mitosis? 1.INTERPHASE: cell grows to mature size and chromatin replicate (makes copy of DNA) 2.PROPHASE: chromatin forms chromosomes, nuclear membrane disappears and spindle fibers form 3.METAPHASE: chromosomes line up in the Middle of the cell 4.ANAPHASE: chromosomes separate and move Away from each other 5.TELOPHASE: nuclear membrane starts to form

12. What is Cytokinesis? Part of telophasePart of telophase Cell membrane pinches in (cytoplasm separates) resulting in 2 new cellsCell membrane pinches in (cytoplasm separates) resulting in 2 new cells CYTOKINESIS

13. How is mitosis different in plant cells? 1.Cell membrane DOES NOT pinch in Instead a CELL PLATE forms between 2 new cellsInstead a CELL PLATE forms between 2 new cells 2.Plant cells do not have centrioles (animal cells do) CELL PLATE

14. Cytokinesis – Animal and Plant

15. What is Cancer? Abnormal and uncontrolled cell division

16. What are the different types of ASEXUAL Reproduction? 1.Binary Fission – one celled organism divides into two identical cells (mitosis) Binary Fission means “equal division” Examples: ameba and paramecia 2.Budding – unequal division of organisms Examples: hydra, yeast 3.Sporulation – spores (specialized cells) develop into new organisms (mitosis) Examples: mold, mushrooms

17. What are the different types of ASEXUAL Reproduction? 4.Vegetative Propagation – Asexual reproduction used by plants a.Runners (strawberries) b.Buds (potatoes) c.Grafting (roses) d.Bulbs (onions)

18. Binary Fission & Budding BINARY FISSIONBUDDING

19. Sporulation

20. Vegetative Propagation RUNNERS BUDS GRAFTING BULBS

21. Topic: Reproduction and Development Aim: What is sexual reproduction? Do Now: Why does sexual reproduction require two parents?

22. What is sexual reproduction? Requires 2 parent cells, each with half the normal number of chromosomes Involves sex cells Human: sperm + egg → zygote 23 + 23 → 46

23. What is meiosis? Cell division occurs only in sex organs to produce sex cells (sperm and egg) Produces 4 daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as parent cell (23 in humans) 2 divisions (1 → 2 → 4)

24. Meiosis

25. How does meiosis occur in males? Occurs in testes to produce sperm Produces 4 new sperm cells

26. How does meiosis occur in females? Occurs in ovaries Produces 1 egg cell and 3 polar bodies

27. What is fertilization? Union of egg and sperm to form a zygote Two types: Internal fertilization: occurs inside the female (humans) External fertilization: occurs outside the female (frogs); can occur on land or in water

28. What happens to the zygote after fertilization? Zygote divides by MITOSIS to form 3 layers that will develop into different parts of the embryo 1.Outer layer: forms the skin and nerves 2.Middle layer: forms muscles 3.Inner layer: forms heart and stomach Outer layer Middle layer Inner layer