1. Changes in Latin America

2. I. Introduction
Central and South America sought to break from colonial rule
Same as every other colony in this time period
Spanish Colonies influenced by Napoleon’s actions
Influenced by Enlightenment
Haiti slave rebellion (1792)
Fear of all of the other colonies

3. II. Colonies to Nations Simon Bolivar
Led Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador against Spain ( )
Formed Gran Colombia
Broke up due to political differences
Rejected being crowned king

4. II. Colonies to Nations Reasons for “Revolucion”
Creoles, natives and mixed were not treated equally
American and French Revolution
Haitian Slave Revolution
Toussiant L’Overture lead the overthrow of French rule
Plantation owners fearful

5. II. Colonies to Nations Mexico Father Miguel de Hidalgo
Encouraged Indians and Mestizos to rebel- Executed
Augustin de Iturbide
Officer, negotiated with creoles and became emperor
Problems
Inequality
Texas
Alamo
Mexican-American War
US takes ½ of Mexico’s land
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
La Reforma- redistributed Indian land- Rich win

6. II. Colonies to Nations Brazil Important economically
Sugar Cotton and Cacao
Portuguese Royal family flee from Napoleon
Rio de Janiero becomes Portuguese imperial city
Changes when Portuguese leave
Nation
Traded coffee
Kept slavery- last to abolish
Monarchy collapses
Bloodless military coup- Republic

7. II. Colonies to Nations Argentina Liberated under Jose de San Martin
With Chile and Peru
Formed a republic (brought prosperity)
Domingo F. Sarmiento
President who made numerous reforms
Greatly exported beef, hides and wool
Greatly expanded territory
Became a place for Italian, German and Russian immigrants
Some would travel back and forth for growing seasons

8. III. US Involvement US stayed “isolated” until after Civil War
Monroe Doctrine 1823
US handles problems in Americas
No further European colonization
Fear of assault launch pad
Manifest Destiny
Destined to rule coast-coast
Brought into conflict with Mexico
Spanish American War
Retaliation vs. Money
USS Maine
Cuban Sugar
US occupied Cuba
Puerto Rico becomes an American dependency

9. III. US Involvement Panama Canal Shortcut for US fleet
US helps Panama gain independence from Columbia
Built from
Initially under US control but turned over to Panama (1999)

10. IV. General Problems Latin America became very fragmented
Common culture but different political and social views
War of the Pacific aka Fertilizer War ( )
Chile vs. Bolivia and Peru
Chile gains territory and problems proceeded in Bolivia and Peru
Rivalries in exports