1. Axial and Appendicular Skeletons
Ag Fact- Most peaches that are imported to the United States during winter months come from Chile.
Objective- Students will be able to compare and contrast the axial and appendicular skeletons.

2. Two Major Sections of the Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Skull, Vertebrae, Ribs, and sternum
Appendicular Skeleton
Consists of the limb bones
Total Number of bones varies between species

3. Axial Skeleton Skull (Cranium)
Protection of the brain and other organ of special senses.
Moveable mandible allows animals to obtain and chew food
Holds teeth
Shape Different among species.

4. Axial Skeleton Vertebral Column Length of the body
Protects the spinal cord and allows for movement
Bony Arch

5. Axial Skeleton Intervertebral Disks Intervertebral Disk Disease
Between the vertebras
Strong, fibrous outer rings and soft spongy centers
Provides cushioning
Intervertebral Disk Disease
Disk becomes less spongy
Pressure between the vertebrae cause the center to rupture

6. Axial Skeleton Vertebral column broken down into anatomic division
Cervical Vertebrae- neck
Atlas- up-down movement
Axis- rotate back and forth

7. Axial Skeleton Thoracic Vertebrae
Attached to the Ribs
Protects the heart and lungs
Ribs join at the sternum

8. Axial Skeleton Lumbar Vertebrae
Lower back- between thoracic vertebra and pelvis
Flexion and extension
Supports the organs in the abdomen

9. Axial Skeleton Sacrum Group of three sacral vertebrae
Joins with the pelvis
Pelvis may split away from sacrum
Very painful
Heals with restricted activities

10. Axial Skeleton Cauda or coccygeal
Comprised of the tail

11. Appendicular Skeleton
Thoracic limb
scapula – shoulder blade
humerus - long bone of the
upper arm
radius - one of 2 long bones of the forearm
ulna - one of 2 long bones of the forearm
carpus - wrist or knee
metacarpals
phalanges
Pelvic limb
pelvis
femur - long bone of the thigh
tibia - one of 2 long bones of the
lower leg
fibula - one of 2 long bones of the lower leg
tarsus
metatarsals

12. Appendicular Skeleton Forelimbs
Scapula (shoulder Blade) lays flat
Rotation up to 25 degrees
High-rise syndrome
Cats rarely break a leg when falling from a great distance
Elbow flexes and scapula rotate
Cats break their lower jaw

13. Appendicular Skeleton Forelimbs
Humerus is the upper bone of the forelimb
# 3
Jointed to scapula with ball and socket joint
Joins at elbow to radius and ulna
Hinge joint
Radius#5 and Ulna #4 run to the carpus

14. Appendicular Skeleton Forelimbs
Carpal Bones join to the long metacarpal bones.
The horse has two smaller metacarpal bones, called a splint.
Ruminants (Cattle and Sheep) have a large metacarpal bone

15. Appendicular Skeleton Forelimbs
Phalanges
Singular phalanx
Covered by hoof or nail

16. Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic Limbs
Does form a bony connection with the spine.
The pelvis is made of two halves
Halves are divided up into regions
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

17. Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic Limbs
Acetabulum or socket portion of the hip joint.
Accepts the ball portion of the femur
The femur extends down the leg to the level of the knee or stifle.

18. Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic Limbs
Tibia-Lower leg
Heavy bone
Weight bearing
Extends down to the hock
Fibula – also present in the lower leg
Smaller than the tibia
Provides muscle attachment

19. Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic Limbs
There is hinge joint between the tibia and tarsal bones.
Tarsal bones arranged in the same fashion as the carpal bones

20. Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic Limbs
Metatarsal are in identical order as metacarpal bone in the front leg.

21. Appendicular Skeleton Pelvic Limbs
Phalanges
The number of bones in the hind foot generally matches that of the thoracic limb.

24. Chicken (Fowl)

25. Dog Skeleton Review 1. Coccygeal vertebra 2. Sacrum
3. Lumbar vertebrae
4. Thoracic vertebrae
5. Cervical vertebrae
6. Skull
7. Scapula
8. Shoulder
9. Humerus
10. Elbow
11. Radius
12. Carpus
13. Metacarpals
14. Ulna
15. Ribs
17. Metatarsals
18. Tarsus
19. Fibula
20. Tibia
21. Knee (stifle)
22. Pelvis
Dog Skeleton Review