1. Virginia Established

2. Jamestown The London Company (1607): funded the expedition for Gold
144 men on 3 different ships, only 104 survived
Terrible location along the James River, but strategic for defense
Malaria outbreaks were common.
Powerful local Chief Powhatan controlled the area.
Adventure seekers looking for gold
Wouldn’t grow crops, only 38 survived first year.
John Smith: provide organization and commitment to survival.
Raided native villages, kidnapped natives to learn the land.
Virginia Company claims the Charter, send 500 more people

3. Starving Time: Winter 1609 Natives retaliated from Smith’s raids
killed livestock and barricaded them in.
By spring: 60 of the 500 people left.
Lord De La Warr: Capt. of supply ship, agreed to stay and reorganize the colony.
First governor of Virginia, installed strict discipline.

4. Jamestown Expands, Becomes Virginia
John Rolfe: Jamestown planter, experimented with plant grown by natives, Tobacco
Prosperous Cash crop saves colony for investors
Tobacco is tough on soil, needed more land
Farms further away from settlement irritate natives.
Sir Thomas Dale’s War with natives to control lands
kidnapped Powhatan’s daughter, Pocahontas – ransom attempt failed
Rolfe married her and she converted to Christianity

5. Turbulent Virginia By 1660’s Virginia = roughly 40,000 inhabitants.
Colonial gov’t dominated by William Berkeley and small group
Nathaniel Bacon: wealthy Cambridge Graduate – late arrival
Represented back country, excluded from Berkeley’s group.
led poor farmers against Berkeley.
Bacon died of dysentery and Berkeley retained control.
Bacon’s Rebellion: Revealed landless poor resented upper class
Proved the indentured servant system failed = replaced with slaves
Also, white disregard for agreements with natives.

6. Maryland Founded by George Calvert – Lord Baltimore
Sought charter as real estate opportunity and haven for Catholics.
Proprietary Rule: assumed complete control free from the king for an annual fee.
Befriended natives and received help, unlike Jamestown.
Ultimately, had to invite Protestants to get enough people
eventually outnumbered by them.
Overall, similar to Virginia without problems with natives