1. Aim: To understand what factors enabled a more connected world during the 1450-1750 time period.

2. Let’s review the AP World Time Periods!
As we review, let’s discuss some major events and figures for each time period!

3. AP World Time Period Review
Technological and Environmental Transformations to c. 600.B.C.E.
Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies c. 600.B.C.E. to c. 600 C.E.
Regional and Transregional Interactions c. 600 C.E. to c.1450
Global Interactions c to c Industrialization and Global Integration c to c. 1900
Accelerating Global Change and Realignments c to Present

4. Big Picture Idea
The interconnection of the Eastern and Western hemispheres by transoceanic voyages shaped the period of
How were these voyages made possible?

5. New tools
Astrolabe
Caravels
Revised maps

6. Astrolabe
Used to determine time of sunrise, sunset, and identify celestial positions

7. Innovations in ship design
Caravels These ships (better designed), along with a better understanding of wind and currents patterns made transoceanic travel and trade possible
Collegeboard AP World Curriculum guide

8. 12th century map vs. 16th century map
Medieval European map
World map by Juan Vespucci, 1526
Q: How are these maps different?

9. Medieval European maps were often more allegorical or ecclesiastical than cartographic.
The 16th century map represents a vast increase in cartographic detail for the East and West coasts of the Americas in only twenty years of exploration. 

10. Trade Routes circa 1000 CE Trans Saharan Trade Silk Road
Indian Ocean Trade
Mediterranean Trade
During the period there were intensifications of all regional trade networks
(CONTINUITY from time period!)

11. Trans Saharan Trade
The shaded portion indicates the empire of Mali in the fourteenth century, and the dashed lines trace the main trans-Saharan routes of the period.
Source: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

12. Silk Road

13. Indian Ocean Trade

15. Compare the ships of Columbus and Zheng He!

16. Mediterranean Trade
Snydertalk.com

17. A brief review of trade routes
This is a great resource for review…there are many short videos and quizzes.

18. Another review of trade routes- feel free to watch at home!

19. 1450-1750 Interest in travel is sparked!
Portuguese development of a school for navigation (Prince Henry the Navigator) led to travel and trade with West Africa
Spanish sponsorship of the Columbian and subsequent voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific dramatically increased European interest in transoceanic travel and trade
No major impact on Oceania and Polynesia because of infrequent European reconnaissance in the Pacific Ocean (until 1750 anyway)
Collegeboard AP World Curriculum Guide

20. What were the main motives of 15th century exploration?

21. The motives for 15th century exploration

22. What factors enabled the Spanish to defeat the Aztec and Inca?
Guns, Germs, and Steel (Jared Diamond)
Answer the questions on the handout

23. What were the major benefits and drawbacks of the Columbian Exchange?

24. The Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange Q:

25. Example of syncretism: Vodou in Haiti
“The majority of Haitians today practice Vodou, a syncretic religion melding West African and Catholic religious elements. Most Haitians also consider themselves Catholic or Protestant as well. In the past, these identities were two sides of the same coin, allowing Haitians to participate in both realms equally. However, Haitian traditional practices of spirit possession, honoring multiple deities, and animal sacrifice are sources of misunderstanding and prejudice for immigrants in America. Therefore, Haitian immigrants often attend Christian churches and publicly deny any connection to the Vodou religion in order to avoid bias from their new community. Yet, in times of duress, many Haitians still turn to Vodou priests and priestesses to intervene with the spirits on their behalf, and some still attend yearly ceremonies to ensure they remain in favor with the Vodou spirits. Spiritually, this is a dangerous practice because the practitioners believe that if the Vodou spirits feel ignored or spurned, they can lash out at practitioners in devastating ways.”
Based on the research of Elizabeth Thomas Crocker (Boston University)
Q: Explain the idea of Syncretism and how Vodou illustrates this concept.

26. New Social Organization in the Americas (ca 16th-19th centuries)

27. New Political Organization in the Americas (ca. 16th-18th centuries)

28. New Economic Organization
The inclusion of the Americas in global trade
New markets and commodities
Silver became an important form of currency
Mercantilism caused the formation of joint-stock companies (a group of investors financially backed a colony) which European rulers used to control their domestic/colonial economies
Encomienda system (Based on Spanish land grants and use of Native Americans for labor)
Plantation Monoculture (intensive cultivation of a single crop on large estates)
Sugar and Tobacco were examples of cash crops (crops grown for sale rather than personal use). What source of labor was used to cultivate them?

29. Triangular Trade
Q: Why is this pattern known as Triangular Trade?

30. Diverse Interpretations (Handout 2A)
Who did the Amerindians think Cortez and the Spanish were? How did the Spanish view the Amerindians?
From the two readings on Montezuma’s and Cortez’s meeting, make a list of items that both men agree happened and another list about what the they disagree about.
What lessons do you think we need to learn about studying history with primary sources?

31. How did profits lead to new forms of art?
Mona Lisa
Codex Azcatitlan: Depicting the Spanish conquest 1519

32. Expansion of Literacy
Literacy expanded and was accompanied by the proliferation of popular authors, literary forms, and works of literature in Afro-Eurasia
Examples: Shakespeare (England), Sundiata (Epic of Mali)
AP World Curriculum Guide

33. Shakespeare SONNET 130 My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red than her lips' red;
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
I have seen roses damask'd, red and white,
But no such roses see I in her cheeks;
And in some perfumes is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.
I love to hear her speak, yet well I know
That music hath a far more pleasing sound;
I grant I never saw a goddess go;
My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground:
And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare
As any she belied with false compare.

34. Sundiata
Before it was written down, African history was largely passed down by griots (storytellers).
Let’s play a game of telephone! How does this relate to oral history?
Please read the handout in a small group (3) and answer the questions that follow. Be prepared for discussion.