1. Bell Ringer
What event helped Americans realize that the Articles of Confederation were too weak?

2. Key Constitutional Concepts
As you watch the video, keep track of the conflicts and compromises that occurred at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, PA.

3. Use pages 187 – 191 to complete the graphic organizer on Constitutional Compromise.

4. Bell Ringer
What were the two main compromises made at the Constitution Convention?

5. Virginia Plan
Presented by Edmund Randolph of Virginia on the 4th day of the Convention
Written by James Madison
Divided the government into 3 branches
Bicameral (two-house) legislature
Representation would be determined by a state’s population

6. President = Executive Branch
Congress = Legislative Branch
Checks and Balances – a system by which each branch of gov’t limits power of other branches
Supreme Court = Judicial Branch

7. New Jersey Plan Presented by William Paterson of New Jersey
Keep the Congress as unicameral (one house)
Each state would be given the same number of votes
“equal voice” for each state in the national government
All acts of Congress “shall be the supreme law of the respective states.”
Central Gov’t power to tax citizens in all states
Central Gov’t power to regulate commerce (trade)

8. Great Compromise How should the states be represented?
Bicameral legislature
Upper House – Senate
States equal number of representatives (2 per state)
Lower House – House of Representatives
Number of representatives per state based on population

9. Use pages 187 – 191 to complete the graphic organizer on Constitutional Compromise.

11. Federalism
The sharing of power between a central government and the states that make up a country
Federal Government
State Government
Local Government

12. Debate over Slavery
Southern states wanted slaves to be counted as part of their population for representation but did not want to increase their tax base
Northern states did not want slaves to be counted as part of southern states’ population
“The admission of slaves into the Representation … comes to this: that the inhabitant of [a state] who goes to the coast of Africa and … tears away his fellow creatures from their dearest connections and damns them to the most cruel bondage [slavery], shall have more votes in a Government [established] for protection of the rights of mankind.”
- Gouverneur Morris

13. Three-Fifths Compromise
A slave would count as 3/5th a person when determining a state’s population
Northern states would wait at least 20 years before ending the slave trade

14. Use pages 187 – 191 to complete the graphic organizer on Constitutional Compromise.

15. Bill of Rights? Should the U.S. Constitution include a Bill of Rights?
List of rights and freedoms of citizens protected by the government
Most states had a Bill of Rights in their Constitutions
The Constitution clearly defined the powers of the Federal government

16. Ratification of the Constitution
p. 220 in your book
Article VII (p. 231)
The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be so sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.

17. Bell Ringer
What were the two major compromises made during the Constitution Convention?

18. The Ratification Debate
The Constitution was signed on September 17th, 1787
From there it was sent to the States for ratification, or approval.

19. The Ratification Debate
Federalists
Antifederalists
Supporters of the new Constitution
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin
James Madison
Alexander Hamilton
John Jay
Opposed the new Constitution
George Mason
Richard Henry Lee
Samuel Adams
Patrick Henry

20. The Ratification Debate
Mercy Otis Warren
James Wilson
“Our situation is truly delicate & critical. On the one hand we are in need of a strong federal government founded on principles that will support the prosperity & union of the colonies. On the other we have struggled for liberty & made lofty sacrifices at her shrine: and there are still many among us who revere her name too much to relinquish (beyond a certain medium) the rights of man for the Dignity of Government.”
“I am satisfied that anything nearer to perfection could not have been accomplished. If there are errors, it should be remembered, that the seeds of reformation are sown in the work itself, and the concurrence of two- thirds of the congress may at any time introduce alterations and amendments …. I am bold to assert, that it is the BEST FORM OF GOVERNMENT WHICH HAS EVER BEEN OFFERED TO THE WORLD.”
What does Warren suggest is more important than the “dignity of government”?
According to Wilson, how can the Constitution be changed?
How would you summarize the difference between Warren’s and Wilson’s views on the risks involved with ratifying the Constitution?

21. The Ratification Debate
p. 199
Delaware became the 1st state to ratify the Constitution on December 7, 1787
Then came: 2. Pennsylvania, 3. New Jersey, Georgia, 5. Connecticut, 6. Massachusetts, Maryland, 8. South Carolina, and 9. New Hampshire (June 21, 1788).

22. The Ratification Debate
Some states refused to sign the Constitution without a Bill of Rights.
“There is not a declaration of rights, and the laws of the general government being paramount to the laws of the constitution of the several States, the declaration of rights in the separate States are no security.”
George Mason
Virginia ratified the Constitution on June 25th, after a Bill of Rights was promised.
New York followed a month later on July 26th, 1788.
The final states to ratify were North Carolina in November 1789 and Rhode Island in May of 1790.

23. The Ratification Debate
The Bill of Rights was voted on by the first Congress in 1791.

24. Bell Ringer
Why were New York and Virginia important in the Ratification Debate?

25. Federalists and Antifederalists
The new government convened, or met, on March 4th, 1789 in New York City
James Madison proposed 19 amendments to the Constitution.
Amendment – is a change or addition made to the Constitution
How does the Constitution get changed?
Article V (p. 230)

26. Article V
The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress …

28. The Bill of Rights
Of Madison’s 19 original Amendments, Congress approved 12.
Those 12 were then sent onto the States on September 25th, 1789.

29. The Bill of Rights 1 New Jersey Nov 20, 1789 2 Maryland Dec 19, 1789
3 North Carolina Dec 22, 1789
4 South Carolina Jan 19, 1790
5 New Hampshire Jan 25, 1790
6 Delaware Jan 28, 1790
7 New York Feb 24, 1790
8 Pennsylvania Mar 10, 1790
9 Rhode Island Jun 7, 1790
10 Vermont Nov 3, (became a state March 4, 1791)
11 Virginia Dec 15, 1791 *

30. The Bill of Rights
Of Madison’s 19 original Amendments, Congress approved 12.
Those 12 were then sent onto the States on September 25th, 1789.
10 of the amendments were ratified by enough states to go into effect on December 15, 1791.
They became known as the Bill of Rights
P. 232 – 233 (Amendment I – X)

31. Bill of Rights
What rights are protected under the Bill of Rights?

32. Bill of Rights
Using the lyrics of the song and your textbook (p – 233), you are going to illustrate the freedoms and rights protected by the Bill of Rights.
Due on Monday

33. Bell Ringer How does the Constitution get amended?
The first 10 Amendments to the Constitution are called the Bill of Rights
p. 232

34. Biography in a Box
Self-assess and turn in your Bio. Box to the shelf in the back of the room.
When you are finished, pick up a Constitution Scavenger Hunt worksheet.
This is EXTRA CREDIT that is due of FRIDAY, OCTOBER 24th.
Change - #6 the Elastic Clause is found on page 224.

35. Bell Ringer
Which amendment in the Bill of Rights do you think is the most important? Why?

36. The Constitution Seven Basic Principles of the U.S. Constitution:
Popular Sovereignty – the belief that gov’t is subject to the will of the people
Republicanism – the people rule through an elected gov’t
Limited Government – gov’t with limited powers strictly defined by law
Federalism – sharing power between the federal and state gov’ts
Separation of Powers – powers are divided among the different branches of gov’t
Checks and Balances – each branch of gov’t can limit the powers of the other branches
Individual Rights – rights of citizens that are protected

37. Powers of the Federal Government
Delegated Powers – powers specifically given to federal government in the Constitution
Reserved Powers – powers belonging only to the states’ governments
Concurrent Powers – powers shared by the states and federal government
Amendment X – The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

38. Powers of the Federal Government
1st Categorize (N, S, or N/S) based on your best guesses
2nd use the Constitution (p. 219) to categorize the governmental powers into:
Delegated Powers – Powers of the National Government
Concurrent Powers – Powers shared by the State and National Government
Reserved Powers – Powers of the State Governments
You will mainly use Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution

39. Federalism Classification Activity
Powers of the National Government
Powers Shared by the State and National Governments
Powers of the State Governments
1. declare war 3. print and coin money 5. maintain an army 6. regulate interstate and foreign trade 12. admit new states
16. negotiate treaties
19. set up a post office
20. set rules for immigration
8. punish lawbreakers 9. collect taxes 10. protect the rights of citizens 11. set traffic standards 13. provide for public safety 14. borrow money 17. protect public health
2. conduct elections 4. decide marriage laws 7. regulate intrastate commerce 15. establish and maintain schools 18. determine who can vote
21.maintain the state militia (also known as the National Guard)

40. Bell Ringer
What are Delegated Powers, Reserved Powers, and Concurrent Power?
Tenth Amendment
“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people.”

41. Structure of the Federal Government
Writes the laws
Interprets the laws
Enforces the laws

42. US Congress – Writes the laws
US House of Representatives
435 voting members
Minnesota has 8 Representatives
Serve 2 year terms
Must be:
25 years old
US Citizen 7 years
Live in state where elected
US Senate
100 voting members
Minnesota has 2 Senators
Serve 6 year terms
Must be:
30 years old
US Citizen 9 years
Live in state where elected

43. US President Enforces the Laws
Elected through the Electoral College
Serves 4-year terms
22nd Amendment - no more than 2 terms (or 10 years)
Must Be:
35 years old
Natural-born citizen
Live in the US 14 years
Barack
Obama

44. US Supreme Court – Interprets the Laws
9 Justices
Appointed by the President, approved by the Senate
Serve for Life

45. Checks and Balances
A system established by the Constitution that prevents any branch of government from becoming too powerful.
Use p to list the powers of each branch of the National Government
Use p to show the ways they can “check and balance” one another.

46. Bell Ringer
What is one power of Congress, President, Supreme Court?

47. Checks and Balances Powers of the Legislative Branch (Congress)
Powers of the Executive Branch
(President)
Powers of the Judicial Branch
(Supreme Court)

48. Ways to become a citizen
Natural-Born Citizen – anyone who is born in the US or a US territory
Natural-Born Citizen - anyone who is born to U.S. citizens
Naturalized Citizen – Someone of foreign birth who becomes a citizen
You must move to the US and after living here for 5 years you may apply for citizenship
Must be older than 18
Prove that they are law-abiding and of good moral character

49. Responsibilities and Duties of Citizens
Video Link - rners/study-test/study-materials- civics-test/promise-freedom- introduction-us-history-and-civics- immigrants
As you watch and listen, keep track of the different responsibilities and duties of American Citizens.
When finished, use the packet and your partner to complete the graphic organizer.

50. Bell Ringer What is one Duty or Responsibility of US Citizens? Vote
Serve on Juries
Defend the Constitution and Country
Be informed
Obey the laws
Respect others opinions, rights, and beliefs
Pay taxes