1. Bone naming and parts identification
Axial skeleton

2. Hyoid

3. Vertebra with rib Body Anterior arch Posterior arch Spinous process
Transverse process
Spinous process

4. 7 Cervical Vertebrae They are the smallest (but densest)
#2-6 have a forked bifid process
Transverse foramen
C1 is known as the atlas
Basically a ring with 2 transverse processes
C2 is known as the axis
Dens or odontoid process extends upward into ring of atlas
When the head turns, the atlas pivots around the dens

5. 12 Thoracic Vertebrae
Larger than cervical (get larger as you move posteriorly)
Spinous processes are long and extend downward
Have facets on each side of its body to attach to ribs

6. 5 Lumbar vertebrae Very large bodies (support lots of bodyweight)
Thin transverse processes
Project laterally
Short spinous processes

7. Sacrum & Coccyx
Sacrum is composed of 5 vertebrae that fuse together between age 18-30
Coccyx is 4 vertebrae that fuse between age 25-30

8. Sacrum and coccyx

9. Types of vertebrae Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Bifid process
Transverse foramen

10. Clavicle
Clavicle

11. Ribs
True
False
Floating

12. Ribs 24 total (one pair attached to each thoracic vertebrae)
7 pairs of true ribs – join the sternum directly
5 pairs of false ribs – cartilages do not reach the sternum directly
Lowest two pair do not attach to sternum = floating ribs
Head of rib – posterior end where the rib articulates with facets on the vertebrae
Neck of rib – flattened, lateral to head – where ligaments attach
Tubercle – close to the head of rib, articulates with transverse process of the vertebra

14. Sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid
process

15. Os coxae (not pelvis!) Lateral side Medial side Crest Crest Ilium
Fossa
Pubis
Ischium