1. Chapter 13 section 2

2. Invaders Attack Western Europe
Vikings Invade from the North
Sailed from Scandinavia
Known as Northmen or Norsemen
Carried out their raids with swords and heavy wood shields
Largest Viking ships carried 300 men

3. Growing Food Supply Expanding civilization = need for more food
Switch to horse power
Horses required better food but could do three times the work
They began to use better harnesses that fit around the horses chest

4. Invaders Attack Western Europe
Vikings Invade from the North (continued)
Acted as warriors, traders, farmers and explorers
Leif Ericson
Viking explorer who reached North America 500 years before Columbus
Vikings began accepting Christianity

5. Invaders Attack Western Europe
Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South
Muslims
Struck from the south
Originally wanted to settle Europe, later decided to plunder (rob people) as well
As a result of Magyar and Muslim attacks people began to look for protection from local rulers

6. Invaders Attack Western Europe
Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South
Magyars
Nomadic people from Hungary
Invaded from the east on horseback around 800
Attacked villages and monasteries
Took captives as slaves

7. A New Social Order: Feudalism
Feudal System-A system of governing landholding based on rights and obligation
Lord-Land Owner
Fief-Land grant in exchange for military protection
Vassal-Person receiving the fief

8. A New Social Order: Feudalism
The Feudal Pyramid-

9. A New Social Order: Feudalism
Social Classes-
Three Groups
Those who fought (knights, nobles)
Those who prayed (Priests, Nuns ect.)
Those who worked (peasants)
Serfs-People who could not lawfully leave where they were born

10. Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
Manor-The Lords Estate
Lord would provide serfs with land and protection
Serfs would work the land and maintain the estate
Owed 2-3 days of work and a portion of their grain

11. Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
Peasants on the manor-
Rarely traveled more than 25 miles from the manor
15-30 families lived on the manor
Produced crops, milk, cheese, fuel, cloth, leather goods and lumber
Purchased salt, iron and millstones (used for grinding grain)
Tithe-Church tax (10% of income)
Also paid grain and marriage tax

12. Section 1-Church Reform and the Crusades

13. The Crusades
Crusade- “Holy War” to gain control of the Holy Land (Jerusalem)
Issued by Pope Urban II
Goals of the Crusades-
Religious, social, economic and political goals
Regain Palestine, Jerusalem and reunite Christendom
Others were looking for land of their own

14. The Crusades 1st and 2nd Crusade- 1st Crusade- 2nd Crusade-
12,000 men approached Jerusalem
1099-Crusaders capture the city
2nd Crusade-
Organized to recapture Edessa
1187-Jerusalem fell to the Kurdish warrior Saladin
Pope said “those who dies on crusade, have a place in heaven”
Crusaders wore a red cross on their tunic and shouted “God wills it!”

15. The Crusades 1st and 2nd Crusade- 1st Crusade- 2nd Crusade-
12,000 men approached Jerusalem
1099-Crusaders capture the city
2nd Crusade-
Organized to recapture Edessa
1187-Jerusalem fell to the Kurdish warrior Saladin
Pope said “those who dies on crusade, have a place in heaven”
Crusaders wore a red cross on their tunic and shouted “God wills it!”

17. The Crusades 3rd Crusade- Organized to recapture Jerusalem
Led by three of Europe’s most powerful monarchs
Philip II, Fredrick I, Richard the Lion-Hearted
Philip went home, Fredrick drowned on the journey, so Richard was left alone
1192-Richard and Saladin agreed to a truce
Muslims kept the holy city
Christian pilgrims could enter freely

18. The Crusading Sprit Dwindles
The Children’s Crusade
1212-Thousands of children set out to overtake Jerusalem
Led by Stephen of Cloyes (12 Years old)
30,000 kids under 18 joined
Believed God would give them Jerusalem
Many died on the way, drowned or were sold into slavery

19. The Crusading Sprit Dwindles
Spanish Crusades-
Reconquista-
Long fought effort to get the Moors (Muslims) out of Spain
1492-Granada fell to the Christian army
Inquisition-
Christian court used to suppress heresy
Heretics- Someone who’s beliefs differed from the Church
Suspects many be questioned for weeks or tortured
Once they confessed they were often burned at the stake

20. The Effects of the Crusades
Thousands left their homes and fought for the church
Women managed affairs opened shops and inns
Trade expanded between Europe and South West Asia
Spices, fruit, cloth
Failure of later Crusades weakened the power of the pope
Muslims and Christians hated each other, Jews were persecuted

21. Growing Food Supply The Three-Field System-
You divide your land into three parts
Farm two parts and let one rest for a year
Could now grow on 2/3 of the land instead of just ½
As food production increased population increased

22. Section 2-Changes in Medieval Society

23. Commercial Revolution
Fairs and Trades-
Merchants traded cloth, bacon, salt, honey, cheese, wine, leather, knives
Things no longer limited to what was produced on the manor
Foreign goods now available

24. Section 4-The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague

25. The Bubonic Plague Strikes
The Bubonic Plague- A deadly epidemic that killed about 1/3rd of Europe
Origins and Impact of the Plague-
Began in Asia and received its name the Black Death from the purplish black bumps on the skin
Took four years to cross Europe
Millions who caught it died

26. The Bubonic Plague Strikes
Effects of the Plague-
Population declined
Trade declined
Serfs left to find a better living
Jews were blamed for the plague
Church lost prestige when their prayers failed to stop the plague