1. Good Morning! Bell Ringer, Feb. 8, 2011
Pick up all of the sheets from table by the door
Use your notes from yesterday and pages to answer PART A ONLY of Section 1 Review

2. Diagramming Roman Gov’t
Turn to page 157, and use the chart to fill in your own, as well as to create the Tree Map on the next slide

3. Roman Government
Consuls
Senate
Centuriate Assembly
Tribal Assembly
Praetors - - - - -

4. Government Under the Republic
Rome
U.S.
Executive
two councils, elected by assembly for 1 yr. – chief executives of the gov’t & commander-in-chief of army
President elected by the people for 4 yrs. – chief executive of gov’t & commander-in-chief of army
Legislative
300 member Senate, chosen from aristocracy for life
Centuriate Assembly, all citizen soldiers, for life, selects consuls, makes laws
Tribal Assembly, grouped according to where they live, serve for life, elects tribunes, makes laws
Senate of 100 members, elected by the people for 6-yr. terms, makes laws, advises president on foreign policy
House of Representatives of 435 members, elected by people for 2 yrs., makes laws, originates revenue bills
Judicial
Praetors, 8 judges chosen for 1 yr. by Centuriate Assembly to oversee civil & criminal courts
Supreme Court, 9 justices, serve for life, appointed by Pres., highest court, hears civil & criminal appeals cases
Legal Code
Twelve Tables, list of rules, basis of Roman legal system
U.S. Constitution, basic law of the U.S.
Citizenship
All adult male landowners
All native-born or naturalized adults

6. Chapter 6, Section 2
“The Roman Empire”

7. The Republic Collapses A. Economic Turmoil
1. wide gap between rich & poor
2. 1/3 of population were slaves
3. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus – reformers
a. limiting size of estates
b. giving land to poor
c. Made enemies of senators who felt threatened by their ideas
4. period of civil war
B. Military Upheaval
1. paid soldiers replaced citizen-soldiers
C. Julius Caesar Takes Control
1. served in the consul, 1 year as tradition
2. appointed himself governor of Gaul; & conquered it
3. Pompey forced him to disband forces & come home
4. returned to Rome & appointed dictator for life
Julius Caesar

8. Beware the Ides of March
D. Caesar’s Reforms
1. granted Roman citizenship to many people
2. expanded senate
3. created jobs for poor
4. started colonies for people w/out land
5. increased pay for soldiers
E. Beginning of the Empire
1. Caesar assassinated; civil war broke out
2. Octavian, Mark Antony, & Lepidus ruled for 10 yrs.
a. Lepidus forced to retire
b. Octavian & Antony rivals
c. Antony met Cleopatra while in Egypt
1. accused of trying to rule Rome from Egypt;
another civil war erupted
e. Octavian defeats Antony & Cleopatra
1. accepts title of Augustus, or “exalted one”
Beware the Ides of March

9. Daily Essential Questions
How did the geography of ancient Rome influence its development?
What are the similarities between the Roman republic and that of the United States today?
What reforms did Julius Caesar put in place?

10. Good Morning!
Turn in your homework and Rome Map Use pages to answer the following for your Bell Ringer:
How do we know about Roman homes?
What happened to Pompeii and Herculaneum?
Describe the main parts identified in the Roman Villa.
What other types of rooms or activities can you identify in the illustration?
How are homes today similar / different to a Roman Villa?
What is a fresco? What were they used for?

12. A Vast and Powerful Empire
A. Pax Romana – “Roman peace”
1. empire more than 300 sq. miles
2. population of 60 – 80 million people
B. A Sound Government
1. Augustus
a. glorified Rome w/public bldgs.
b. set up civil service – paid workers to manage the affairs of the gov’t
C. Agriculture and Trade
1. agriculture most important industry
2. 90% of people engaged in farming
3. common coinage made trade easier
4. traded w/Greece, Anatolia, China, & India

13. The Roman World
A. Slaves and Captivity
1. most were conquered people; men, women, & children
2. some strong, healthy males forced to become gladiators
3. wealthy household slaves treated better
B. Gods and Goddesses
1. worshiped powerful spirits
2. Jupiter – father of the gods
3. Juno – Jupiter’s wife; watched over women
4. Minerva – goddess of wisdom, arts, & crafts
5. worship of emperor became part of official religion

14. C. Society and Culture
1. rich lived extravagantly; most people were poor
2. free games, races, mock battles, & gladiator contests
holidays per year

15. Daily Essential Questions To what does the to term Pax Romana refer?