1. As energy coordinator for CERN Accelerators & Technology
Energy coordination at CERN, and towards an energy consumption report for LIU
S. Claudet, 15 January 2015
As energy coordinator for CERN Accelerators & Technology

2. The mandate (1/2)
SC - 15Jan'15
Energy aspects for LIU

3. The mandate (2/2)
Since Aug/Sept’14, priority was given to contribute to the call for tender for electricity contract to start Jan’ (1st after protected “tariffs”)
SC - 15Jan'15
Energy aspects for LIU

4. CERN’s Electrical Network (geographical overview)
Chamoson (Alpiq)
Génissiat (RTE)
130 kV
400 kV
Back-up (ADM): 60 MW
Nominal (ADM + Accel.): MW
Bois-Tollot
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Energy aspects for LIU 4

5. Recent energy consumption
Breakdown (averaged) per major system for LHC
125 GWh
120 GWh
31 GWh
42 GWh
30 GWh
35 GWh
245 GWh
628 GWh
Compiled from yearly EN-EL Energy flyers
CERN (per activity)
Typical cycle of 3-4 years up, then 1 year down
SC - 15Jan'15
Energy aspects for LIU

6. 1.2 TWh 1.3 TWh 1.35 TWh 1.4 TWh 0.5-0.8 TWh 1.0-0.4 TWh 0.8 TWh
Possible shift by 1 year to match primary goals !
Period for new energy contract
SC - 15Jan'15
Energy aspects for LIU

7. LHC roadmap: schedule beyond LS1
Beam commissioning
Technical stop
Shutdown
Physics
LS2 starting in 2018 (July) => 18 months + 3 months BC
LS3 LHC: starting in => 30 months + 3 months BC
Injectors: in 2024 => 13 months + 3 months BC
(Extended) Year End Technical Stop: (E)YETS
Run 2
Run 3
Run 4
LS 2
LS 3
LS 4
LS 5
Run 5
30 fb-1
YETS
EYETS
YETS
YETS
Run 2
LS 2
Run 3
PHASE 1
YETS
YETS
LS 3
Run 4
300 fb-1
PHASE 2
LS 4
Run 5
LS 5
3’000 fb-1
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Energy aspects for LIU 7

8. CERN Energy Consumption
Multi-years cycles for LHC
Hi-Lumi LHC
LHC
LEP2
Cycles: 9m+3m
Cycles: 3 or 4 x (11m+1m) + 1yr
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Energy aspects for LIU

9. Energy concerns and line of action
Scientific goals at minimised primary energy consumption
Energy efficiency from design stage onwards:
Energy consumption considered in selection and design of lattice and sub-systems: minimised global “capital plus operating” costs
This requires appropriate evaluation: quoting rather than just ideas !
Energy management and awareness:
Foreseen stand-by modes (1min, 1hr, 1wk, 1month)
Operation scenario (seasonal, weekly, daily)
Waste heat recovery (to be studied)
At the highest possible temperature for direct use
Two cases identified with serious potential
=> Getting some of these ideas implemented on few specifically selected on-going activities would be an efficient way to be prepared for the future !
CERN wide guideline in preparation for retrofits (with thresholds):
- Return below 5 yrs: Potential !
- Between 5 and 12 yrs: Strategic ?
- Above 12 yrs: not adapted …
Facsimile of energy bill to be prepared and distributed to activity leaders, with invitation for suggestions
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Energy aspects for LIU

10. Few recent success stories
Initiated by individuals, validated by direct management convinced from potential savings
Buildings:
Heat pumps and thermal solar panels (Resto2-B107-B774-SL53)
Computer center ( )
Free cooling and air flow optimisation
LHC Cryogenics ( )
Towards higher availability with less machines in operation, resulting in operation modes with an increased efficiency
SPS Beam operation (2014 onwards)
Powering cycles & stand-by modes
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Energy aspects for LIU

11. ECO cycles to avoid useless energy ramps (power converters)
Set of stand-by & powering modes
Estimated gain:
5-7 GWh/yr
Intended to be continued: North area (LS2?) and East area (LS3?)
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Energy aspects for LIU

12. Summary Energy efficiency in research infrastructure:
It is becoming a must (sure for communication, progressively with facts, at the level of 1-3% for recent actions)
Energy efficiency should be considered as an engineering parameter, not only as a concept-wish-dream
Safety, Quality assurance are part of our goals and priorities, why not Energy awareness ?
Evaluation, measurements, specific metrix and trends are essentials
Specific actions are being prepared to help for this
No future accelerator projects without energy efficiency (more generally sustainability?) as part of the objectives
One should minimise primary energy consumption and (then) heat rejection
Specific selected programs on existing infrastructures is a clever way to get the energy awarness culture as well as proven references It is visible from outside (communication) and useful for the future !
SC - 15Jan'15
Energy aspects for LIU

13. Towards a LIU Energy consumption report
Not yet a reference for which I did contribute, we would have to do the 1st one together !!!

14. Major topics to be covered
Very preliminary, to be further developed depending on what exists already
Obviously a description of the entire system and major sub-systems concerns by energy consumption, global staging or operation cycles
For each of them, a description of the installed power, operating mode, foreseen typical distribution over time
Potential optimisation (done or foreseen, incl. standby-modes)
Summary tables, curves (for ease of energy forecasts)
I guess that what matters as well is the comparison with present situation, possible overlap, and gain in performance while possible reducing power and energy consumption…
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Energy aspects for LIU

15. Extracted from CLIC energy workshop
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Energy aspects for LIU

16. Extracted from CLIC energy workshop
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Energy aspects for LIU