1. East Area Consolidation Konstantinos Papastergiou CERN Technology Department | Electrical Power Converters 04 June 2015

2. Previously discussed  The East Area Energy Consumption is high at 15GWh/yr  Third highest consumer after PS (55GWh) and PS Booster (25GWh)  Continuously energised BUT used < 4% of time for physics operations  DC powering of magnets  unnecessary cooling requirements  Cycling the magnet current can save electricity  Energy requirement from 11GWh to reduce to 0.6GWh per year *  Example of a self-funded project  Consolidation cost originally estimated 2.7MCHF (part of todays layout)  Saving estimated at 600kCHF per year* (around 500kCHF with new layout)  New technology is being developed for transfer lines  SIRIUS – re-generative power converter 2 * Source: J.Cottet, Energy Balance of the East Area and possible Improvements, 2012

3. Previously discussed  7 consecutive extractions at max energy  duty cycle approximately 7%  Tolerance in extraction start-end is 20ms  Time between extractions 1.93s  Current ramp during flat-top Not included in preliminary calculations:  degaus cycles – to be confirmed if required  Certain customisations for large circuits *Described in EDMS 1506818

4. Proposed improvements  Step1: Changing from continuous to cycling current  on average 73% lower power consumption in the magnets  savings in magnet cooling costs  Step 2: Regenerative power converters  most of the energy (inductive) returned to capacitor banks locally  electrical interconnection ratings reduced 40-70%  better power quality for cern machine network  Step 3: Single converter family in entire East Area  Economies of scale in procurement  Minimal spare converter requirements  More streamlined and shorter repair time

5. EPC proposal Primary line Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) BP.QFO1SIRIUS 2P 60kJQ740.4650314 BP.DHZ1SIRIUS 2P 60kJMNPA253.4600295 BP.QDE2SIRIUS 2P 60kJQ1206.6400203 BP.DVT1SIRIUS S 30kJMEA190.9250122 BP.DVT2SIRIUS S 30kJMEA190.9250122 BP.QFO3SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFL9.6400208 BP.BHZ1SIRIUS 2PSMCB115.0600370 BP.QDE4SIRIUS S 30kJQ6002.9350174 South Branch Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) BS.SMH1SIRIUS 2P 180kJMCB79.9500347 BS.BHZ1SIRIUS S 90kJMCB28.8300185 BS.QFO1SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFL9.6400208 BS.QDE2SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFL9.6400208 BS.DHZ1SIRIUS S 30kJM1050.018087 BS.DVT1SIRIUS 2P 60kJMNPA307.9600302 BS.BHZ2SIRIUS 2PSMCB204.5800525 dirac line Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) BD.BHZ1SIRIUS 2P 180kJMCB51.1400263 BD.BHZ2SIRIUS 2P 180kJMCB51.1400263 BD.DVT1SIRIUS S 30kJMNPA300.920098 BD.DHZ1SIRIUS 2P 60kJMEA193.2480237 BD.QDE1SIRIUS 2P 180kJQ20057.5500321 BD.QFO2SIRIUS 2P 180kJQ20057.5500321 North Branch Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) BN.QDE1SIRIUS S 30kJQ1202.6250125 BN.QFO2SIRIUS S 30kJQ1203.7300151 BN.DVT1SIRIUS S 30kJMNPA251.5400196 BN.BHZ2SIRIUS 2PSMCB204.5800525 BN.DHZ1SIRIUS 2PSMCB247.4880591 preliminary figures budget: 0.91MCHF budget: 0.65MCHF budget: 0.84MCHF budget: 0.72MCHF

6. EPC proposal preliminary figures T9 line Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) T9.DHZ1SIRIUS S 30kJMDX6.4240126 T9.QFO1SIRIUS S 30kJQDS2.8350173 T9.QDE2SIRIUS S 30kJQ1205.0350177 T9.QFO3SIRIUS S 30kJQDS2.8350173 T9.BHZ1SIRIUS 2PSM200SP175.5600406 T9.QFO4SIRIUS S 30kJQFS5.0350177 T9.QFO5SIRIUS S 30kJQFS5.0350177 T9.BHZ2SIRIUS 2PSM200SP175.5600406 T9.QDE6SIRIUS 4P 240kJQ10058.8700424 T9.BVT1SIRIUS 2P 180kJM100SP67.1450307 T9.QFO7SIRIUS 2P 180kJQ20082.8600402 T9.QDE8SIRIUS 4P 240kJQ10058.8700424 T9.DHZ2SIRIUS S 30kJMDX6.4240126 T9.DHZ3SIRIUS S 30kJMDX6.4240126 T10 line Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) T10.DHZ1SIRIUS S 30kJMDX6.4240126 T10.QFO1SIRIUS S 30kJQDS3.6400199 T10.QDE2SIRIUS 2P 60kJQ1208.3450230 T10.QFO3SIRIUS S 30kJQDS3.6400199 T10.BHZ1SIRIUS 2PSM200SP274.2750539 T10.QFO4SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFS10.3500257 T10.QFO5SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFS10.3500257 T10.BHZ2SIRIUS 2PSM200SP274.2750539 T10.QDE6SIRIUS 2P 180kJQ10043.2600353 T10.BVT1SIRIUS 2PSM100SP119.3600373 T10.QFO7SIRIUS 2P 180kJQ20082.8600402 T10.QDE8SIRIUS 2P 120kJQ10019.2400222 T10.DHZ1SIRIUS S 30kJMDX6.4240126 T10.DVT2SIRIUS S 30kJMDX6.4240126 budget: 1.83MCHFbudget: 1.78MCHF

7. EPC Proposal - T11 T11 line Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) T11.QDE1SIRIUS S 60kJMDX12.6338182 T11.QFO2SIRIUS S 30kJQDS2.8353175 T11.BHZ1SIRIUS 2P 60kJQ12014.0585304 T11.QFO3SIRIUS S 30kJQDS1.6268132 T11.BHZ2SIRIUS 2PSM200SP94.8441278 T11.QFO4SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFS7.6430219 T11.QDE5SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFS10.5506261 T11.BVT1SIRIUS 2PSM200SP70.4380233 budget: 1.04MCHF preliminary figures

8. Summary preliminary figures line # Converters# bricksCost Primary line8150.91MCHF South Branch7140.84MCHF dirac line6110.65MCHF North Branch5110.72MCHF T9 line14281.83MCHF T10 line14291.78MCHF T11 line8171.04MCHF Contingencies 0.8 62125 8.57MCHF Degauss cycle required Converter customisation for certain magnets Spare converter(s) to be added

9. Concluding remarks  A increased EPC budget due to  Requested operational flexibility  1.93s extraction to extraction, 7 consecutive extractions at full energy  62 power converters (includes line T11 + 8 converters)  consolidation of old thyristor circuits <- resource intensive  « Greener » operation requires higher up-front costs (energy storage) However in the long term: no consolidation at all would cost us complete rennovation would cost  Saving of 0.5MCHF/year in magnet joule loss costs alone 15-years approximate cost* 9.1MCHF (energy cost) 9.5MCHF (energy+p.converters) * 15yr electricity costs + proposed initial investment excluding magnets and infrastructure renovation assuming 4300h of operation per year

11. Next Steps  Initiate discussion with magnet group about optimising the magnet-p.converter as a system:  6xM200SP (750A pk ) (0.975H, 0.195Ohm, 274kJ, 140kW)  8xMCB (880A pk ) (0.649H, 0.160Ohm, 880A, 247kJ, 110kW)  Additional costs  Discuss with magnet experts the degaussing need  Adjust budget accordingly  Include spare converters  Request budget for Electrical and Cooling infrastructure  Examine if there is further space for optimisation at system level

12. Time plan  Project plan - Group Activity Planning: Q4 2015  Departmental Request: Jan 2016  Finance committee: March 2016  Reception of equipment (pre-series/series): 2016-2018  Power Stacks: Q3 2016  Magnetic components: Q4 2016  Integration contracts: Q2 2017 (pre-series)  Mass production: 2017-2018  Buildings Infrastructure upgrade: Mar 2019  Commissioning: Sep 2019 DRAFT For discussion

13. Annex

14. Direct versus Cycling operation Magnet typeTotal (1.2sec)RecoverableThermal loss (1.2sec) Quadrupole (26Gev)11kJ6kJ5kJ Small Dipole (26Gev)31.5kJ25kJ6.5kJ Large Dipole (26Gev)101kJ82kJ19kJ 14 * Assuming cost of electricity between 0.05 and 0.065CHF/kWh. 1kJ of energy over a 1.2sec cycle corresponds to 1kJ/1.2sec=0.83kW of average power. Assuming this 1.2sec (PS) cycle repeats for 24hours over 270 working days the total energy required from the power network (for each 1kJ) is 5378kWh/annum. If this energy is not recovered in capacitor banks after every magnet cycle it is returned to the power network and is not remunerated by the provider. Annual cost of electricity for 1kJ: (Non-recoverable thermal loss/consumed every 1.2seconds) 270-350 CHF*