1. The Northern/southern section

2. Farming in the Old Northwest
Less labor-intensive & more profitable
Businesses arose to handle processing & selling of farm products

3. Industries of Northeast
People no longer raised there own food
Northeast still rural areas but more people working in urban areas/cities.
Urban population booms white the rural pop. declines
Industrialization(development of industry) increases rapidly in NE.

4. Industries in Northeast
Young, unmarried women work in textile mills
Growth of Cities:
Pop. in cities doubles in 30 years
Hospitals & schools for medical care
Growing number of urban poor living in tenements
Disease spread rapidly

5. Labor Disputes Workers Go on Strike:
factory owners grow rich – workers complained about long hours & low wages
No minimum wage – could go on strike (work stoppage)
First Labor Unions:
Labor union: organization of workers formed to protect the interests of the members
National Trades Union (NTU): 1st labor union

6. The Southern Section

7. The Economy of the South
Cotton Belt: band of states stretching from SC to TX – economies rely almost completely on cotton.
Relied on British & northern banks for loans
15,000 families owned plantations w/ many enslaved workers
Hundreds of thousands had small farms w/ few slaves.
Went west in search of more land w/ invention of cotton gin.

8. The Slavery System
1804: all northern states either banned slavery or passed laws to end gradually.
Increase of internal slave trade in the south
Most slaves lived on large cotton plantations
Life was harsher than on small farms: worked under supervision of foremen
Even harder life for women.

9. Slaves as Property
Most owners saw slaves as property that performed labor.
As demand for slaves rose, so did the prices
Slave Revolts: small percentage of slaves managed to escape or win freedom. Most revolts were small.
Nat Turner’s Rebellion: led 70 slaves in raids on white families. Killed about 50 whites. Turner & about 20 other slaves were hanged.
Crowds of whites rioted and killed about 100 innocent African Americans

10. White Southerners Alarmed
African Americans outnumbered the white population in many communities.
Some considered ending slavery.
VA & NC passed laws against teaching enslaved people to read & some states prevented blacks from moving freely or meeting.