1. Speaking
Our ability to form sounds and to use them to communicate abstract ideas and feelings!
To produce speech, the lungs, mouth, and throat and other parts of the body coordinate to:
Generate sound
Resonate sound
Articulate sound

2. Idioms: A word that has figurative meaning beyond its literal meaning
Dime a dozen
Chip off the old block
A slap on the wrist
A penny saved is a penny earned.

3. Euphemism: A better word that replaces a harsh word
Trailer….Mobile Home
Garbage Man…Sanitation Engineer
Bathroom…Restroom

4. Generators of Sound Primary Generators are Vocal Folds or Cords
(Muscles that make up the Larynx)
The Respiration Cycle
Inhalation & Exhalation
Diaphragm (dome shaped muscle in lungs)
Inhalation
In the throat air passes through the larynx and the trachea (windpipe) then drawn to lungs.

5. Exhalation
As the diaphragm relaxes the air in the lungs is pushed back up through the trachea and larynx, through the throat, and then out through the mouth and nose.
When you eat or drink, the vocal cords (folds) protect you from choking by closing off the trachea!

6. Resonator
Before sound by exhaling air can be speech, it must be given resonance, or reinforcement produced by vibration. The resonators of sound for speech are:
The bones in the chest, neck, and head
The cavities of the throat, nose, and mouth.

7. Articulation
The shaping of speech sounds into recognizable oral symbols that go together to make up a word.
Major Mouth Articulators:
The tongue
The hard and Soft Palates
The teeth
The lips

8. Pronunciation
Combining precisely articulated sounds into distinct words.
Improving vocalization
Pitch the highness and lowness of sounds.
Key is the average pitch at which you speak
Optimum pitch is the pitch for best resonance.
Melody variations in pitch for expressions
Range is the spread between high/low notes
Inflection upward or downward glide of pitch

9. Volume Quality Rate Loudness and intensity of sound
Speed at which you talk.
Quality
The tone of your voice

10. Correcting Articulation Problems
Substituting One Sound for Another
(da for th, dose for those)
Leaving out a sound (Omission)
(dropping d frien for friend)
Adding an extra sound
(adding T Soften for sofen)
Transposing Sounds
(Reversing letters aks for ask)

11. Sending Effective Vocal Messages
Breathe Properly
Resonate Sounds Effectively
Articulate
Use Vocal Variety and Appropriate Emphasis