1. Using the 4 steps of research writing
On your desk:
All your research articles
Your research notes
Something to write with and paper.

2. Before you start putting your paper together, you need to know the following.
When putting your notes in your paper, you will use four steps (learn the numbers!) This will correspond to the CEW steps! This will come after your CLAIM.
Introduce the info
Give the info (summarize/paraphrase in own words OR quote)
This is the (E) evidence in CEW
3) Cite the info (use the citation in the parenthesis in your notes; it should match the first word of then works cited entry! It will go at the end of the sentence)
Steps 1-3 will make up ONE complete sentence.
4) Explain the info (how does this evidence prove your claim? Repeat words and phrases from the claim. Why is this information important? So what?)
This is the (W) warrant in CEW

3. Pull out your notes for EACH subtopic
My Example:(subtopic 3) How to prevent problems with my car
This is how the original source looked on my Works Cited page. Notice how the citation contains the first word from this entry.
Peters, Eric. “Now’s the Time to Buy ‘Used’.” Consumers’ Research Magazine 1 May 1999.
This is the paraphrase of some notes I took from my research article.
$75-$150 = get car inspected by mech. w/ ASE certification. Good idea. (Peters 1)

4. Step 1: Introduce the Source/Info
First time you use this source:
State full name of author, title of article or where it came from (title of magazine or newspaper, title of website).
Example: Billy Jim Bob Jones states in his article “It’s Rodeo Time” in the New York Times, that…
All times you use that source after that:
Only need to use author’s last name, or shortened version of title of article (if no author).
Example: Jones also argued that…

5. How I would put STEP 1 into my paper:
In his article, “Now’s the time to buy,” Eric Peters explains that
Pink=Step 1 Notice how I have the article title along with the author’s name in the BEGINNING of the sentence. It is NOT complete. I now need to insert my evidence and citation (STEPS 2-3)

6. Step 2: Give the info/evidence
This is the E in CEW
Put info back into sentence form
Be really, really careful not to accidentally use phrases from the original text
Put in your voice. Make it sound like you.
Make good use of the paraphrase/summary/quote.
Make sure the finished product is a complete sentence and makes sense!

7. How I would put STEP 2 into my paper
In his article, “Now’s the time to buy,” Eric Peters explains that it is a good idea to pay the $75-$150 to get your potential car inspected by an independent mechanic (Peters 1). I think this is a good idea, because then I could be sure that the car I buy is in good shape and runs well. Even though it costs extra money, the peace of mind will be worth it.
Pink=Step 1 Notice how I have the article title along with the author’s name in the BEGINNING of the sentence. It is NOT complete. I now need to insert my evidence and citation (STEPS 2-3)
Orange=Step 2 Give the info/evidence (summarize/paraphrase OR give a direct quote using “ ” quotation marks) Notice it is the paraphrase from the original notes I took from the research article. This is the Evidence in CEW. This sentence is ALMOST complete! Keep going.

8. Step 3: Cite the Info
Look at the parenthesis next to the note you have taken. It should be the FIRST word for that entry on your Works Cited page.
Your citation should be at the END of the sentence in which you give the evidence/information. It should end the sentence.
Include parentheses.
Period goes AFTER parentheses.
If you don’t do this, it’s plagiarism!

9. How I would put STEP 3 into my paper
In his article, “Now’s the time to buy,” Eric Peters explains that it is a good idea to pay the $75-$150 to get your potential car inspected by an independent mechanic (Peters 1). I think this is a good idea, because then I could be sure that the car I buy is in good shape and runs well. Even though it costs extra money, the peace of mind will be worth it.
Pink=Step 1 Notice how I have the article title along with the author’s name in the BEGINNING of the sentence. It is NOT complete. I now need to insert my evidence and citation (STEPS 2-3)
Orange=Step 2 Give the info/evidence (summarize/paraphrase OR give a direct quote using “ ” quotation marks) Notice it is the paraphrase from the original notes I took from the research article. This is the Evidence in CEW. This sentence is ALMOST complete! Keep going.
Yellow=Step 3 Cite the info (say where it came from. Look at your notes. You should have the information in parenthesis already!) The period is AFTER the (parenthesis). The sentence is NOW complete.
STEPS 1-3 always go together.

10. Step 4: Explain the information
This is the Warrant in CEW.
How does this piece of info/evidence help answer your claim?
How is it important to understanding the claim and your overall subtopic?
Overall, Step 2 and Step 4 (evidence and explanation/warrant) should be about even in length.
Repeat key words from the claim and evidence.
Be careful not to get repetitive in this step. Vary it up, make it your voice.

11. How I would put STEP 4 into my paper.
In his article, “Now’s the time to buy,” Eric Peters explains that it is a good idea to pay the $75-$150 to get your potential car inspected by an independent mechanic (Peters 1). This is important because having someone inspect my car before I buy it will help me see if this vehicle is worth the money the dealer is asking. Also, it doesn’t cost much and it might save the hassle of more expensive repairs I might have to pay for after I buy the car. It’s better to spend the extra money upfront instead of dealing with issues later.
Pink=Step 1 Notice how I have the article title along with the author’s name in the BEGINNING of the sentence. It is NOT complete. I now need to insert my evidence and citation (STEPS 2-3)
Orange=Step 2 Give the info/evidence (summarize/paraphrase OR give a direct quote using “ ” quotation marks) Notice it is the paraphrase from the original notes I took from the research article. This is the Evidence in CEW. This sentence is ALMOST complete! Keep going.
Yellow=Step 3 Cite the info (say where it came from. Look at your notes. You should have the information in parenthesis already!) The period is AFTER the (parenthesis). The sentence is NOW complete.
Green=Step 4 Explain the info (How does this piece of info/evidence help answer your claim? How and why is it important to understanding the claim and your overall subtopic?) Notice this is a couple of sentences long. This is the Warrant in CEW.

12. You try: Take out your note sheets for your subtopics.
Get out a half sheet of paper and write your name across the top of it.
Pick one piece of information from any of your subtopic sheets. It doesn’t matter which one.
Write a small paragraph in which your use the four steps. You will color code this and turn it into to me for feedback.