1. Monday 11/21/16 AIM: How did scientists discover cells?
DO NOW: 1- Explain how the microscope helps in scientific discovery
2-In your own words explain the function of a cell.
Homework: Review book read paGES answer questions 1,2,5,7 on pg 28-29

2. DO NOW ANSWERS
The microscope has made it possible to investigate a world that we cannot see with our naked eye
The cell is the basic unit of life BUT WHAT DOES THAT MEAN?
It means that it builds ALL living things and it is capable of performing ALL life processes

3. Francisco Redi Living things come from other living things
Maggots come from flies which lay eggs on decaying meat

4. How did we discover the cell?
The microscope

5. Who discovered the first microscope
1590 Hans and Zacharias Janssen
Ground up glass and used it to magnify

6. Robert Hooke discovered cell

7. 1605 Robert Hooke Looked at cork plant
Noticed it was separated into tiny compartments which resembled jail cell

8. One of the first users discovered protozoa
Anton von Leeuwenhoek
Ground up glass

9. 1676 Anton von Leewenhoek Discovered living things in pond water
Small single celled organisms
Ameba and paramecium

10. Matheis Schleiden 1838
ALL plants are made up of cells not just the cork plant

11. 1839 Theodor Schwann
Looked at animal tissue and saw that animals also were made up of cells

12. 1855 Rudolf virchow
Cells come from preexisting cells

13. Francisco Redi Living things come from other living things
Maggots come from flies which lay eggs on decaying meat

14. The cell theory An explanation or theory about living things
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms
Cells come from preexisting cells

15. The Cell

16. The cell: the basic unit of life
Prokaryote
Eukaryote

17. Prokaryotes:
Prokaryote (Greek - Before Nucleus) Prokaryotes were first group of organic organisms to evolve 3.8 BYA Prokaryote cells lack membrane bound nuclei, and organelles and reproduce asexually
ALL PROKARYOTES ARE SINGLE CELLED

20. Asexual reproduction of Prokaryotes
Budding: small identical bud grows and pinches off
Binary fission: cell splits in two
Both produce genetically identical cells

21. Assessment
Explain how the microscope helped in the development of the cell theory

22. AIM: How can we determine the difference between organisms within different Kingdoms?
DO NOW:THE CELL 5. Read pages AS YOU READ, UNDERLINE THE MAIN POINT OF EACH PARAGRAPH. Answer questions1-4 pg 80.
HOMEWORK: Textbook Read pages What does the cytoskeleton do? How does DNA direct activity in the cytoplasm? What organelles participate in protein production?

23. Picture B
Picture A

24. AIM: How are living things placed into Kingdoms?
DO NOW: Explain the difference in the genetic arrangement of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
HOMEWORK:Textbook Read pages Answer questions 1,3,4 on page 161

25. DO NOW:
Use your scantron to circle the correct answers on your exam sheet!!!

26. Tuesday 11/22/16
AIM: how does the type of cell determine the classification of an organism?
DO NOW: observe the two cells below. List all of the similarities and differences of the cells.

27. How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different?
Organization of the nucleus
Cell size
Membrane bound organelles

30. Cell types Prokaryote Eukaryote Kingdom EuBacteria
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Eukaryote
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plant
Kingdom Animal

31. Plasmid Extra chromosomal piece in prokaryotes
Bacterial plasmids are used in genetic engineering
A human gene can be inserted into a bacterial plasmid in order to make the human protein
Ex: Insulin

32. Plasmid Isolation - Extraction of plasmid from a bacterial cell (Amrita University) - YouTube

33. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic bacteria that live in EXTREME environments
Halophiles
Thermophiles
Methanogens

34. Kingdom Eubacteria ALL single celled bacteria
Heterotrophic: cannot make its own food
Autotrophic: use sunlight to make their own food
chemotrophic: make their own food from other organic compounds
Prokaryote
Normal every day bacteria

35. Example of Eubacteria: E.Coli

36. Streptococcus
Eubacteria that causes strept throat

37. Wednesday 11/23/16
AIM: How do eukaryotic cells function in different kingdoms?
DO NOW: 1- Explain the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
2- Explain the difference between Archaebacteria and Eubacteria
3- How do Eubacteria obtain food?

38. Feeding Behavior Heterotrophs :other feeder Autotrophs : self feeder
Cannot make their own food
absorb organic materials down in both living and dead organisms.
Autotrophs : self feeder
can make their own food by photosynthesis.
Chemotrophs get their food by breaking down inorganic matter.

39. Eukaryotic cells Means “True Nucleus” Plant, Animal, Protists, Fungi
All contain membrane bound organelles
Organelle: tiny organ
Functioning parts of the cell
All eukaryotic cells are surrounded by an extra cellular matrix
There are 2 types we will discuss, plants and animal cells

40. Eukaryote Multi or Single celled organisms Protista Fungi Animal Plant
Parmecium
Ameba
Fungi
Yeast
Mushrooms
Animal
Plant

41. Kingdom Protista characteristics
Eukaryotes
Heterotrophic and Autotrophic
Unicellular
Mostly aquatic
Mostly asexual
Things like: slime molds and algae, paramecium, ameba, euglena

42. Characteristics of the Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryote
Heterotrophic
Saprobes or saprophytic
eat dead or decaying matter
Unicellular and Multicellular
Mostly terrestrial
Asexual and sexual
Mushrooms,molds, yeasts,
puffballs

43. Kingdom Fungi Unicellular yeast
Single celled
Mostly asexual reproduction through budding
Some by binary fission
Used in baking and alcohol fermentation

44. Kingdom Fungi Multicellular Mushroom
Heterotrophic saprobes
Decomposer or recycler
Breaks down dead and decaying matter to release back into the environment

45. Characteristics of Plantae Kingdom
Eukaryote Multicellular
Autotrophic
Mostly Terrestrial
Asexual and Sexual
Nonmotile Things like: mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants

46. Autotrophic Photosynthetic
Autotroph: self feeder
Make their own food through Photosynthesis

47. Kingdom Animalia Heterotrophic eukaryotes
largest of the kingdoms in terms of its species diversity.
Eukaryote Multicellular
heterotrophs = other feeder
multicellular
In most animals, these cells are organized into tissues that make up different organs and organ systems.

48. What do prokaryotes and Protista have in common?
What do humans and Protista have in common?

49. AIM: How can we determine the difference between organisms within different Kingdoms?
DO NOW:THE CELL 5. Read pages AS YOU READ, UNDERLINE THE MAIN POINT OF EACH PARAGRAPH. Answer questions1-4 pg 80.
HOMEWORK: Textbook Read pages What does the cytoskeleton do? How does DNA direct activity in the cytoplasm? What organelles participate in protein production?

50. How do Eubacteria obtain food?

51. Cyanobacteria Photosynthetic Eubacteria
Used to be called blue-green algae

52. Wednesday 12/7/11
AIM:How can we determine the different characteristics of eukaryotes in different Kingdoms
DO NOW: Explain the difference between an autotroph and heterotroph
HOMEWORK: Read the rest of The Cell handout and answer the questions page

53. Is the Dead Sea Dying? - Video - TIME.com

54. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic bacteria that live in EXTREME environments
Halophiles
Thermophiles
Methanogens

55. Halophiles
Can survive in extreme salty environments such as the dead sea

56. Thermophiles
Archaebacteria that live in extremely HOT environments

58. Methanogens
Make methane gas

59. Assessment
Explain the similarities and differences between Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

60. AIM:How can we determine the different characteristics of eukaryotes iin different Kingdoms
DO NOW: 1- Explain the difference between an autotroph and heterotroph
2- you have 5 full minutes to study for the quiz
HOMEWORK: Handout A closer look at the human cell. Read the first page and answer questions 1-3,6-8 and 10 ONLY!!!!!!!

61. DO NOW ANSWER Autotroph: Make their own food
Heterotroph: obtain food from other sources

62. Eukaryote Multi or Single celled organisms Protista Fungi Animal Plant
Parmecium
Ameba
Fungi
Yeast
Mushrooms
Animal
Plant

63. How are all eukaryotic organisms similar?
True nucleus
Membrane bound organelles

64. Kingdom Protista characteristics
Eukaryotes
Heterotrophic and Autotrophic
Unicellular
Mostly aquatic
Mostly asexual
Things like: slime molds and algae, paramecium, ameba, euglena

65. Friday
AIM: What are some of the characteristics of the different Eukaryotic organisms?
DO NOW: 1- Review your prokaryotic notes
2- Explain why plasmids are important.
3-Explain how prokaryotes reproduce
Homework: Create flashcards for each organelle of the prokaryote
Pili, flagella, capsule,cell wall, cell membrane, nucleoid,ribosome and plasmid

66. Kingdom Protista: Paramecium
Oral groove: ingest nutrients
Gullet: back of the throat and digestive system
Cilia: movement
Contractile vacuole: able to contract and expel excess water
Food vacuole: responsible for digestion

67. Paramecium Feeding!! - YouTube
Amoeba in motion - YouTube

68. Kingdom Protista: Ameba
Psudopods: movement
Phagocytosis

69. Paramecium vacuole - YouTube
phagocytose 1 - YouTube
Paramecium vacuole - YouTube

70. How can we determine the difference between an Archaebacteria and a Eubacteria?
Archaebacteria live in extreme environments
Eubacteria live in normal environments

71. For your flash cards
Capsule: is the outermost part of the prokaryotic cell.
Release a slime that helps in movement and infection

72. Characteristics of the Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryote
Heterotrophic
Saprobes or saprophytic
eat dead or decaying matter
Unicellular and Multicellular
Mostly terrestrial
Asexual and sexual
Mushrooms,molds, yeasts,
puffballs

73. Kingdom Fungi Unicellular yeast
Single celled
Mostly asexual reproduction through budding
Some by binary fission
Used in baking and alcohol fermentation

74. Kingdom Fungi Multicellular Mushroom
Heterotrophic saprobes
Decomposer or recycler
Breaks down dead and decaying matter to release back into the environment

75. Characteristics of Plantae Kingdom
Eukaryote Multicellular
Autotrophic
Mostly Terrestrial
Asexual and Sexual
Nonmotile Things like: mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants

76. Autotrophic Photosynthetic
Autotroph: self feeder
Make their own food through Photosynthesis

77. Kingdom Animalia
largest of the kingdoms in terms of its species diversity.
Eukaryote Multicellular
heterotrophs = other feeder
multicellular
In most animals, these cells are organized into tissues that make up different organs and organ systems.

78. Plant Cell:list all of the parts of the plant cell

80. Review for Quiz
1-: You should be able to fill in the info on each Kingdom in the Table on the side board.
Lets do it!!!!
Any Volunteers to fill in cell types for alll 6 Kingdoms?

81. Paramecium have an oral groove which takes food in
The gullet digests food to form a food vacuole
Food vacuole stores food until it is digested

82. Ameba
Uses psuedopods to perform phagocytosis

83. Contractile vacuole
Help single celled aquatic organisms pump out excess water so that they do not drown
All protista have contractile vacuole

84. Kingdom fungi YOU MUST UNDERSTAND THAT THEY ARE SAPROBES
Recycle dead and decaying matter

85. For the Prokaryote cell
Must know each part and function

86. AIM:how do organelles help the cell function?
DO NOW: 1- Take out your cell handouts
2-Define the term organ and the term organelle
3-In your own words explain how the cell organelles are similar to the bodies organs.
HOMEWORK: A closer look at the human cell handout, questions 1-10 should ALL be completed by tomorrow!!!!
QUIZ FRIDAY!

87. Monday 11/28/16 AIM: How are eukaryotic cells organized?
DO NOW: Create a table describing the characteristics for each Kingdom Homework: Handout 4-2 Vocabulary Multiple Choice 1,2,4. Short Answer 2 and 3.
Bring in colored pencils markers or crayons by Wednesday

89. Prokaryotes Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria
All prokaryotes have NO nucleus and are single celled

90. Eukaryotes
All have a true nucleus
All have membrane bound organelles

91. Kingdom Animalia organization
Cell
Tissue
Organ
System
organism

92. Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Plant cell Animal cell

93. The Cell The parts of a cell are called? Organelles.
Organelles means “little organs”

94. Activity
Use the diagram below to identify each cell part

95. Plant Cell
CENTRAL

96. Activity
Create a Venn diagram showing the organelles in animal cells, plant cells and both animal and plant cells
When you are done work on handout 15-24

97. AIM: Why are orgranelles tiny organs of the cell?
DO NOW: Handout Label the plant and animal cell.
Homework: Textbook Read pages Cell Organization. For each organelle that you read about, list and give its function.
THE CELL INTERNET PROJECT DUE TOMORROW!!!!!
EXAM FRIDAY: CELLS

98. Use your colored pencils to identify the following organelles
Nucleus: Pink
Centriole: Orange
Mitochondria: Purple
Cytoplasm: Yellow
Vacuole: White
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Blue
Golgi Bodies: Red
Lysosome:Brown
Chloroplast: green

99. AIM: How do organelles work together to synthesize important molecules?
DO NOW: Why is the nucleus of eukaryotes surrounded by a double membrane?
Homework: textbook page 169 questions 1-6

100. DO NOW ANSWER In the nucleus are chromosomes
Chromosomes are made up of DNA
Genes are a part of DNA
Genes hold the code for all of your physical characteristics
The double nuclear membrane protects the genetic material (chromosomes)

101. Tuesday 11/29/16
AIM: How do organelles work together to make the cell a functioning unit?
DO NOW: 1- What do yeast, wheat grass, human beings and paramecium ALL have in common?
2-What do ALL living things have in common?
Homework: Review book read answer questions 3,4,6,8,9 on pg 29

102. DoNoW answer
Since they are all examples of eukaryotes, they all have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles
What do ALL living things have in common?
They are all made up of cells
2 types of cells in the world:
Prokaryote
Eukaryote

103. How are organelles related to cells?
QUESTION
How are organelles related to cells?

106. Nucleus The Brain of the cell Contains the Chromosomes
Nucleolus: RNA synthesis

107. The nucleus “ the brain” of the cell
Controls all of the cell activities
Because chromosomes contain genes
Genes hold the code to build proteins
Proteins cause chemical reactions
Chemical Reactions control ALL life processes

108. Nuclear Membrane or Nuclear Envelope
Separates Chromosomes from the rest of the cell.
Double membrane
Nuclear pores

109. Chromosomes Made of DNA
Carry genes: instructions for building the body

110. The Cell Membrane Surrounds the cell: creating a barrier
Allows materials to move in and out
Maintain homeostasis

111. Cytoplasm Jelly like material Supports the Organelles.
Many chemical reactions happen here.
Made up mostly of water has many molecules and ions dissolved in it

112. Mitochondria
Site of cellular respiration (production of ATP)cellular energy
Powerhouse of the cell

113. Wednesday 11/30/16 AIM: How do cell organelles work together?
DO NOW: Explain why the nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane
HOMEWORK: TEXTBOOK read Answer questions 1 and 2 on page 200

114. Mitochondria Surrounded by a double membrane Outer membrane is smooth
Inner membrane folds into cristae
Cristae increases surface area for cellular respiration

115. Which cell would have the most mitochondria and why?
Heart muscle cell
Stomach cell
Skin cell
Gall bladder cell
The more energy a cell needs or the more active a cell is,the more mitochondria it will have

116. Where does the energy for a cell originally come from?
GLUCOSE

117. Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis (use information from DNA to make proteins)
Very tiny
Can float free in the cell or be bound to the Endoplasmic reticulum

118. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transports materials around the cell
Network of passageways
Can be smooth(no ribosomes) or rough (ribosomes

119. Smooth ER: makes carbohydrates and lipids
Rough ER: holds ribosomes and makes proteins

120. Golgi Body golgi apparatus
Receive
Modify
Package
The post Office of the cell
Makes vesicles to ship out molecules all over the cell
Packages materials for export out of the cell

122. Vesicle Membrane surrounding some type of molecule
Used to transport stuff from the GA to the rest of the cell
Can fuse with the
Cell membrane to
Release contents

124. How does the Golgi apparatus ship mature molecules to other parts of the cell?
ANSWER: Vesicle

125. Centrosome structure Normally located outside of the nucleus
When the cell is getting ready to divide, they move to opposite ends or poles

126. Centrioles and Spindle Fibers
Centrioles are anchor point for spindle fibers
Spindle fibers appear during cell division

127. How are the vacuole, vesicle and lysosome

128. Lysosomes
Contains enzymes that digest foreign particles and old cell parts
digestive enzymes surrounded by a membrane

129. lysosome Break down old and damaged cell parts
Break down food particles into their molecular components

130. The cytoskeleton Network of protein fibers
Provide structure, support, transport

132. Cytoskeleton

133. Thursday 12/1/16
AIM: how can we determine the difference between a plant and animal cell?
DO NOW: Handout MC Structures and function a-f.
HOMEWORK: castle learning

134. Vacuole
Vacuoles are the storage compartments of the cell.

135. Cilia Movement Hair like projections
Constantly beating which helps to remove foreign debris

136. Flagella
movement

138. Parts of the Plant Cell
Plants have organelles in them that Animal cells don’t have.
138

139. Cell Wall Protective outer layer on plant cells Adds support
Cell walls in plants are made of cellulose.

140. Cell Wall
Rigid structure that encloses, supports and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungi and most bacteria.

141. Chloroplasts Structures found only in the plant cell.
Site of photosynthesis.
Photo = Light, Synthesis = To make.
So Photosynthesis uses light to make glucose
141

142. Chloroplast Contain Chlorophyll
Site of Photosynthesis ( the exact opposite of cellular respiration)

143. Plant Cell only Central Vacuole
Space within the cell that can be used to store food, water or waste products.
Vacuoles are the storage compartments of the cell.

144. Just like complex organisms, cells are able to survive by coordinating various activities. Complex organisms have a variety of systems, and cells have a variety of organelles that work to help the cell survive. Describe the role of two organelles. In your answer be sure to include:
The names of two organelles and the function of each.
An explanation of how the organelle does it’s job.
The name of the organelle and the name of a part of the human body that has a similar function.

145. AIM: How did Eukaryotes develop from prokaryotes?
DO NOW: Why does the nucleus have a double membrane surrounding it?
Homework: crossword puzzle

146. Why do the mitochondria and chloroplast have two membrane?
Because they were once prokaryotes

147. The Endosymbiont Theory
Created by Lynn Margulus
States that eukaryotes evolved from a symbiotic relationship between two small prokaryotes that were ingested by a larger prokaryote

148. Storage space for sap,food, water or waste products.
Central Vacuole
Plant Cells Only
Storage space for sap,food, water or waste products.
Vacuole

149. Chloroplast
Contain Chlorophyll
Site of Photosynthesis

150. Write down a part of the cell we learned that you think is most important and describe why you think it is most important.
Ask a neighbor what they thought was most important and why.
Pick ONE.
Why did you decide to pick that one?

151. Animal Cell

152. Parts of the Animal cell
Part # 1 – The Nucleus.
The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
It contains the chromosomes which are made of DNA.

153. Part #2 – The Nuclear Membrane
The Nuclear Membrane surrounds the nucleus and keeps the Chromosomes separate from the cytoplasm.

154. Part #2 – The Nuclear Membrane

155. Part #3 – Chromosomes
Structure found in the nucleus that contains hereditary material.

156. Part #3 – Chromosomes

157. Part #4 – Centrioles
Cylindrical structures only found in animal cells that aid in replication (cell division).

158. Part #5 - Mitochondria Breaks down food and releases energy.
Often called the powerhouse of the cell.

159. Part #6 - Cytoplasm
Gel-like liquid that all of the other organelles float around in.
Most of the chemical reactions that occur in the cell happen in the cytoplasm.

160. Part #7 – Cell Membrane
Protective outer covering of all cells that regulates what goes in and out of the cell.

161. Part #8 - Vacuole
Space within the cell that can be used to store food, water or waste products.
Vacuoles are the storage compartments of the cell.

162. Part #9 – Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Network of folded membranes that act as a transport system for materials in the cell.
Can be Rough or Smooth.
Rough ER – Has ribosomes attached to it.
Smooth ER – No ribosomes attached to it.

163. Part #10 - Ribosomes
This organelle is used to make proteins within the cell.
Ribosomes are like the factories of the cell where small structures (amino acids) are put together to form larger structures (proteins).

164. Parts of the Plant Cell
Plants have organelles in them that Animal cells don’t have.

165. Part #1 - Ribosomes
This organelle is used to make proteins within the cell.
Ribosomes are like the factories of the cell where small structures (amino acids) are put together to form larger structures (proteins).

166. Part #2 – Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Network of folded membranes that act as a transport system for materials in the cell.
Can be Rough or Smooth.
Rough ER – Has ribosomes attached to it.
Smooth ER – No ribosomes attached to it.

167. Part #4 - Nucleus The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
It contains the chromosomes that are made of DNA.

168. Part #2 – The Nuclear Membrane
The Nuclear Membrane surrounds the nucleus and keeps the Chromosomes separate from the cytoplasm.

169. Part #6 – Chromosomes
Structure found in the nucleus that contains hereditary material.

170. Nuclear membrane and Chromosomes

171. Part #7 – Cell Membrane
Protective outer covering of all cells that regulates what goes in and out of the cell.

172. Part #8 - Cytoplasm
Gel-like liquid that all of the other organelles float around in.
Most of the chemical reactions that occur in the cell happen in the cytoplasm.

173. Part #9 - Mitochondria Breaks down food and releases energy.
Often called the powerhouse of the cell.

174. Part #10 – Chloroplasts Structures found only in the plant cell.
Site of photosynthesis.
Photo = Light, Synthesis = To make.
So Photosynthesis is to make something (glucose) using Light!