1. Cell Structure and Function

2. Essential Questions What is a cell? What types of cells do we have?
What are some structures of a cell?

3. Warm up What is the formula for density?
What is the variable that changes in an experiment called?
What is the scientific method?

4. Warm up Describe Dan’s personality. Describe Ann’s personality.
What was the name of the tree the coon climbed?

5. Life is Cellular

6. Vocabulary
Robert Hooke
Cell Theory

7. The Discovery of the Cell
the basic units/building blocks of living organisms
the smallest unit of matter that can carry on all the processes of life

8. Early Microscopes Robert Hooke
1665 he used a compound light microscope to study cork
he gave these boxed-shaped structures the name “CELL”
b/c it reminded him of the small rooms monks lived in

9. The Cell Theory Matthias Schleiden Theodore Schwann Rudolf Virchow
concluded that all plants are composed of cells
Theodore Schwann
reported that animals are also made of cells
Rudolf Virchow
concluded that new cells could be produced only from the division of existing cells

10. Warm up What is one part of the cell theory? Who named the cell?
Why did he name it the cell?

11. The Cell Theory The cell theory states: 3 main ideas
All living things are composed of cells.
They may be single celled (paramecium)
They may be multicellular (plants and animals)
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
Organisms can become very large and complex but the cell is still the most basic component of any organism
New cells are produced from existing cells.
Spontaneous generation does not occur

12. Vocabulary
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

13. Cell Types Biologist divide cells into 2 categories (types):
Eukaryotes
Cells have a nucleus
Prokaryotes
Cells do not have a nucleus
Figure 7-3 pg., 172

14. Prokaryotes “pro-” = before ; “karyote” = nucleus
Cells lacking membrane-bound structures (organelles)
No nucleus
Circular DNA located in the nucleoid region
Only singled celled organism
Examples: Bacteria

15. Prokaryotic Cell

16. Eukaryotes “eu-” = true ; “karyote” = nucleus
Contain membrane-bound structures (organelles)
Contain a nucleus (nuclear envelope)
Have linear DNA
All multicellular organisms and some singled-celled organisms (algae, yeast)
Types: Plants and animals
organelles
membrane-bound structures within eukaryotic cells
each one has a specific function for cell survival

18. Eukaryotic Cell Structures

19. Essential Questions
What are the two cell types?
What does prokaryotic mean?
What does eukaryotic mean?

20. Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance in which the organelles are suspended

21. Essential Questions What is the function of the ribosome?
What is the purpose of DNA?
What are two differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

22. Vocabulary Nucleus Nuclear Envelope Chromatin Nucleolous Ribosome
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

23. Nucleus “Brain of the Cell”
Contains cell’s DNA which contain the directions to make proteins
Function: Controls the activity of the cell

24. Nuclear envelope
Regulates what goes in and out of the nucleus

25. Chromatin Genetic material (DNA)
Uncoiled DNA that are bound to proteins

26. Nucleolus
Function: Produces ribosomes

27. Ribosomes Two types: free floating and fixed
Not membrane bound (found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells)
Function: protein synthesis
Free floating are used inside cell
Fixed are located on the rough ER, proteins are used outside the cell.

28. Ribosomes

29. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Site of chemical reaction within the cell and transportation system of the cell.
2 types:
Rough ER
Smooth ER

30. Rough ER (RER) Rough looking texture Function: Studded in ribosomes
Protein synthesis (hormones) used outside of the cell

31. Smooth ER (SER) Smooth looking texture Functions: Lipid synthesis
Carbohydrate synthesis
Drug detoxification (alcohol)

32. Essential Questions What is the function of the nucleolous?
What is one similarity of prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?
What does the Mitochondria do?

33. Vocabulary
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Chloroplast

34. Golgi Apparatus Membrane-bound Functions:
Refines/modifies and packages proteins
Transports proteins out of the cell (Golgi → plasma membrane)

35. RER and Golgi Apparatus Relationship

36. Lysosomes “Suicide sacs” and “Garbage disposal”
Contain digestive enzymes
Functions:
Clean up the debris of the cell
Digestion within the cell
Enzymes can be used to digest the cell itself
ex. Tadpole’s tail – the lysosomes within the cells of the tail cause its digestion

37. Vacuoles Sac-like structure Temporary storage of materials
Food, enzymes, and other materials needed by the cell
Some store waste products
Plants have a large central vacuole
Store H2O & food

38. Mitochondria “Powerhouse of the Cell”
Converts and releases the energy in the food
Contains circular DNA
Can reproduce

40. Chloroplasts Found only in Plant cells
Organelles that capture light energy and produce food to store for a later time
Function: photosynthesis hV

42. Essential Questions What is one part of the cell theory?
What is the chromatin?
What is the job of the vacuole?

43. Warm Up What are the two organelles responsible for movement?
What is responsible for the cells structure?

44. Warm Up
Define three organelles.`

45. Cytoskeleton Composed of a network of protein fibers
It is a constantly changing structure
Provides structural support and movement

47. Centrioles Function during cellular reproduction NOT in plant cells
Help to separate the chromosomes into newly forming cells
NOT in plant cells

48. Cilia and Flagella
Function: Structures that aid in movement or feeding
Extend outward from the cell surface
Cilia
Short, hair-like projection that move with a wavelike motion
Sweeps/propels the fluid across the cell
Flagella
Longer projections that move with a whip-like motion
Propels the cell forward

50. Typical Animal Cell

51. Typical Plant Cell