1. Nazi Germany:
The following topics have not come up for a while so we think that they will appear this year:
Women
Political challenges to Weimar
Wall Street Crash and Depression
Munich Putsch
How did Hitler become Chancellor/the Nazis increased support from ?
How did the Nazis remove opposition from 1933 – 1934?
The Police State
Propaganda from 1933 – 1939
Employment policies
Standard of living
We think the 16 mark question will be:
1. Key Topic 2, Years of Unpopularity, slide 14 on revision notes. Question like: ‘The most important reason why the Nazis increased their support in the years 1923 – 1929 was Hitler’s re-organisation of the party.’
You may use in your answer:
Re-organisation of the party
Goebbel’s use of propaganda
2. Key topic 4, Employment or standard of living, slides 25 and 26 on revision notes. Questions like: ‘The most important reason why the Nazis improved the standard of living of the German people was because of re-armament.’
Re-armament
The Strength through Joy movement

2. Describe the key features of the Munich Putsch.
One key feature of the Munich putsch was that it was caused by the problems faced by Weimar. Evidence to support this is that the Putsch occurred in 1923 because Hitler believed that the Weimar Republic was weak and vulnerable to overthrow after the invasion of the Ruhr and the crisis of hyperinflation. Another key feature of the Munich putsch was that Hitler tried to take over the government in Munich. Evidence to support this is that 600 SA surrounded and took over the Burgerbrau Keller, the beer hall in Munich to try to force Kahr to support a Nazi revolution against the Weimar Republic. A final key feature of the Munich Putsch was that it led to the Nazis trying to take power democratically. Evidence to support this is that Hitler wrote Mien Kampf in prison and gained publicity in his trial which increased the popularity of the Nazis in elections.

3. Explain the consequences of the Constitution on the Weimar Republic.
Q1C) “Explain the consequence/effect of….” (8 mark)
[POINT] One consequence of the constitution on the Weimar Republic is that it made governments unstable.
[EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is the system of Proportional Representation meant that there were 28 parties in the Reichstag and none of them could gain a majority so parities had to form coalitions to make governments.
[EXPLAIN] This meant that governments collapsed because the parities could not agree with each other because they all had different ideas. Therefore there were 13 governments in 3 years which showed that the Weimar Republic was weak and caused opposition towards democracy.
[POINT] Another consequence of the constitution was that the President had too much power.
[EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is the president appointed the Chancellor and had the power to suspend democracy using article 48. [EXPLAIN] This meant that the president ended up ruling the country by decree often because the parties could not create effective coalitions. [LINK] Therefore the constitution led to democracy failing and the president taking over in times of trouble.
[INTERLINK] This LINKS to my point above because the constitution made democracy weak and the president strong. These two factors enabled the Nazis to take power because the democracy of the Weimar Republic was unpopular and was overridden by the president who eventually appointed Hitler as Chancellor.

4. What caused Hitler to be appointed Chancellor on 30th January 1933?
Q1D) “Explain why…” (8mark)
[POINT] One reason why Hitler was appointed Chancellor on 30th January 1933 was because the Nazis were the largest party in the Reichstag.
[EVIDNCE] Evidence to support this is in July 1932 the Nazis gained 230 seats in the Reichstag.
[EXPLAIN] This meant that President Hindenburg had to consider making Hitler Chancellor.
[LINK] Therefore on 30th January 1933 Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor because he was popular.
[POINT] Another cause of Hitler being appointed Chancellor was the actions of Von Papen an [EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is that Von Papen persuaded Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as Chancellor because he believed that he could control Hitler.
[EXPLAIN] This meant that Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor with only two other Nazis in the government
[LINK] Therefore Hitler was appointed Chancellor because he was supported by the political establishment.
The MOST IMPORTANT cause of Hitler’s appointment as Chancellor was his popularity. This was because Hindenburg tried not to appoint Hitler as Chancellor in 1932 but other Chancellors struggled to lead without the support of the largest party in the Reichstag meaning Hitler’s appointment was mostly due to the fact that he led the largest party in the Reichstag.

5. 2a) Explain how the power of Hitler changed from becoming Chancellor in 1933 to the end of (8 marks – 12 mins)
Q2A/2B “Explain how…” (8 mark)
[POINT] One way in which Hitler’s power changed is that he removed political opposition.
[EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is in 1933 Hitler was the Chancellor and the leader of the largest party in the Reichstag
[EXPLAIN] This changed when the Reichstag fire happened on the 28th February Hitler used the fire to crush Communist opposition and win greater support in the election on 5th March 1933.
[EXPLAIN] This meant that Hitler was able to pass the Enabling Act on the 23rd March 1933 which made him dictator for 7 years. [LINK] Therefore Hitler’s power changed as he became a dictator who was able to ban other political parties and Trades Unions.
[POINT] Another way that Hitler’s power changed from 1933 to 1934 was his removal of any opposition in the Nazi party. [EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is when Hitler became dictator he still had powerful rivals in the Nazi party, especially Ernst Rohm who ran the SA. This changed on the 30th June 1934 in the Night of the Long Knives when Hitler attacked the SA and its leaders. 150 SA were killed including Ernst Rohm. [EXPLAIN] This meant that Hitler had removed any opposition to his power within the Nazi Party and the army swore an oath of allegiance to him.
[LINK] Therefore when President Hindenburg died on the 2nd August 1934 Hitler proclaimed himself ‘Fuhrer’.
[INTERLINK] Both of these changes are linked because they both enable Hitler to increase his power. Firstly he removed political opposition to the Nazi party, then he removed political opposition within the Nazi party.

6. 2b). Explain how the position of women changed in the years 1933-39
2b) Explain how the position of women changed in the years (8 marks)
Q2A/2B “Explain how…” (8 marks – 12 minutes)
[POINT] One way in which the position of women changed in the years 1933 – 1939 is that they lost many freedoms.
[EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is that under the Weimar Republic women were free to vote, to go out and have any job they wanted.
Explain: This changed between because the Nazis forced professional women to leave their jobs, they were encouraged to concentrate instead on the 3 Ks, Kinder, Kuche and Kirche.
[EXPLAIN] This shows that women had less choice under the Nazis.
[EXPLAIN] Therefore women’s lives changed as their choices were restricted and they had to focus on life in the home.
[POINT] Another way in which the position of women changed in the years 1933 – 1939 is that they were encouraged to be mothers.
[EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is that before 1933 women were free to go out to clubs, dress as they pleased and have extra-marital sex.
[EXPLAIN] This changed between 1933 – 1939 because the Nazis passed laws like the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage which lent 1000 marks to couples when they married. With each child born 25% of the loan was wiped off. Also on Hitler mother’s birthday, 12th April, medals were given to women who had lots of children. Gold was given to women who had eight or more children.
[EXPLAIN] This shows that the Nazis encouraged women to become mothers.
[LINK] Therefore women’s position had shifted from liberated women to the more traditional role of being mothers.
[INTERLINK] This links to my point above because women’s options out of the home were reduced so that women only had the choice to become mothers and focus on life in the home.

7. You may use in your answer: Re-organisation of the party
3a)‘The most important reason why the Nazis increased their support in the years 1923 – 1929 was Hitler’s re-organisation of the party.’
You may use in your answer:
Re-organisation of the party
Goebbels's use of propaganda
P – I believe that the main reason why the Nazis increased their support in the years was the reorganisation of the party. E - For example Hitler improved the party finances by getting donations for wealthy businesses. For example Tyssen, Krupp and Bosch all donated money. E - This meant that the Nazis were to increase the size of the SA who organised rallies promoting the Nazis and disrupted other parities meetings, especially the Communists. E - Therefore the re-organisation of the party helped the Nazis increase their support through their expansion of the SA which links to propaganda because the SA spread propaganda. P - This was the most important cause of the Nazi’s increased support because this led to them gaining support from the wealthy and middle-classes and it helped them reduce support for the Communists, increasing their support from the working classes too.
P – The second most important reason for why the Nazis increased their support in the years 1923 – 1929 was Goebbels’s use of propaganda.
E – Evidence to support this is that Goebbels's used modern media to repeat simple messages to gain support and to get Hitler’s messages across. He used films, radio and even flew Hitler to cities all over Germany to gain support. E - This meant that the Nazi’s got their message across to the people of Germany. L - Therefore the Nazis support grew. P - This was the third most important cause because the use of propaganda directly led to increased support. However it was less important than the SA because it only gained support, it did not also eliminate opposition.
P – A final reason why the Nazi’s increased their support from 1923 – 1929 was because of the Munich Putsch.
E - For example as a result of the Munich Putsch Hitler gained huge support for his ideas at his trial and in prison was able to write his book, Mein Kampf.
E - This meant that Hitler and the Nazis became popular. They also decided to change tactics and try to gain power democratically.
L – Therefore the Munich Putsch was important in the Nazis gaining support because it lead to them trying to gain popularity through propaganda so that they could win elections. P - This was the least important cause because the Munich Putsch caused the Nazis to change direction but it was not the direct cause of their increased support like the re-organisation and use of Propaganda was.
In conclusion Hitler’s re-organisation of the party was the most important reason for the increased support for the party between This is because it led to a more effective party who could put into practice the new direction decided after the failure of the Munich Putsch and get the Nazi’s propaganda messages across. They are all interlinked as they all lead to increased democratic support.

8. You may use in your answer: Re-armament
3b) ‘The most important reason why the Nazis improved the standard of living of the German people was because of re-armament.’
You may use in your answer:
Re-armament
The Strength through Joy movement
P – Yes, I agree the main reason for the improved living standards of the Germany people under the Nazis was because of re-armament. E – Evidence to support this is that the Nazis increased government spending of arms from 3.5 billion marks in billion marks in E - This meant that there was an increase in the production of weapons in factories which led to more jobs and economic growth. L – Therefore the process of re-armament was able to improve people’s living standards because they had more money which they could spend on things like holidays provided through the Strength Through Joy Program. P - This was the most important cause because it led to people having jobs which increased their income and therefore improved their living standards.
P – Another reason why the Nazis were able to improve living standards was because of their policies towards the unemployed. E – Evidence to support this is that after the Wall Street Crash and during the Depression unemployment in Germany 6 million in The Nazis solved this with the creation of the RAD. E – The RAD meant that everyone had a job, it became compulsorily after 1945, and it led to the building of motorways and public buildings. L - Therefore the RAD improved living standards because the unemployed had jobs and there were 7000 miles of autobahns which Germans could drive on using their new cars. This links with the Strength through Joy Program because the motorways enabled people to go on holidays. P - This was the second most important cause because the unemployed got fed and housed but did not get an income like normal workers.
P – A third most important reason for why the Nazis were able to improve the standard of living of the German people was because of the Strength Through Joy program. E – Evidence to support this is that Strength Through Joy became the world’s biggest holiday provider in the 1930s. E - This meant that the German people were having more fun and good times. L - Therefore Strength Through Joy improved people’s standard of living as the German’s improved their leisure time. P - This was the third most important cause because holidays are important in improving people’s living standards but they were only able to afford them because of their improved wages which were ultimately the result of the economic boom created by re-armament.
In conclusion, the most important reason why the living standards of the German people improved under the Nazis was because of re-armament. This is because re-armament meant more people had jobs and incomes which improved their living standards. However they are all inter-linked because re-armament and policies towards the unemployed improved incomes and infrastructure which enabled the German people to take up the opportunities made by the Strength Through Joy program.