2. Warm-up: Wednesday What is significant about today?
(don’t tell anyone yet!)

3. Warm-up: Wednesday
Based on the chart, describe the Green Revolution

4. When you are finished…
Get out a sheet of notebook paper and title it “Agricultural Revolutions” Ag-3
Read the article and answer the following questions:
What is IR8?
What are the genetic characteristics of IR8?
What are the pros?
What are the cons?

5. Agricultural Revolutions
AP Human Geography

6. Agricultural Revolutions
Agriculture has passed through a series of revolutionary changes
Not everywhere at the same time
Some places still largely unaffected
Transition from predominantly subsistence activity to predominantly capital-intensive, market-oriented commercial agriculture
Three distinct revolutions
Since its discovery some 10,000 years ago, agriculture has passed through a series of revolutionary changes
We have moved from predominantly subsistence practices to predominantly capital-intensive, market-oriented practices
Three distinct revolutions

7. First Agricultural Revolution
What do you know?

8. Probable culture-hearths of agriculture
First Agricultural Revolution
Invention of farming & domestication of livestock (8,000–14,000 years ago)
shift from hunter-gatherer to agricultural societies
DISCUSSION:
* What types of technical innovations made the First Agricultural Revolution possible?
Probable culture-hearths of agriculture

9. FIRST AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
Studied by geographer, Dr. Carl Sauer
Believed that agriculture would only flourish in a land of plenty
Key area: Tigris and the Euphrates Rivers (Fertile Crescent)
Labor-intensive crop growth, animal domestication

10. Second Agricultural Revolution
What do you think happens with the 2nd Ag Rev?

11. Second Agricultural Revolution
Technological changes (starting 1600s in Western Europe; spread by 1800s to North America)
Occurred as Industrial Revolution was happening
Began with new methods: crop rotation, better horse collars
Beginnings of commercialization of agriculture (production of surplus for trade)
DISCUSSION:
* How do machines like the one featured here boost agricultural production?
* How does rotating crops assist in boosting agricultural production?

12. Second Agricultural Revolution
Technological innovations:
Seed drill: could plant in rows
Transportation technology (railroads) linking farm and urban commercial food market
Fertilizers
Lead to dramatic increase in crop and livestock yields

13. Second Agricultural Revolution
Supported by governments of Europe
Enclosure Act of Great Britain – enforced the increase in the size of farms; created large scale farms
***As a result of the Second Ag Revolution, more people left farms and moved to urban areas to fulfill industry demand for workers.

14. Warm-up: Thursday
Based on the chart, describe the Green Revolution

15. Third Agricultural Revolution aka “Green Revolution”
What do you think happens with the 3rd Ag Rev?

16. Video: Green Revolution
Copy questions and answer while you watch the video:
What is the Green Revolution?
What are the pros and cons?

17. What is the “Green Revolution”?
The application of science and technology to creating High-Yielding Varieties of major food staples (mainly grains)
In other words, to get more food out of the same area of land—increasing the productivity of land.

18. Third Agricultural Revolution
During the 1940s, pioneering work was done by Prof. Norman Borlaug in the hybridization of plants.
Essentially, he produced dwarf varieties so that more of the energy went into food production, than into growing tall.

19. The Green Revolution in India
: India was one of the first countries to benefit from a high-yielding seed program
Turning Point for Indian Agriculture
5 cereals: wheat, rice, maize, sorghum and millet
Drought-resistant
Shorter growing season
Very responsive to fertilizer

20. What did it do?
It produced spectacular increases in yields and production, and we must not lose sight of that.
There is no doubt that it made more food available than would have existed without it.

21. Principal Beneficiaries of the Green Revolution7

22. “Green Revolution”

23. Advantages of the Green Revolution
Yields are 2-4 times greater
shorter growing season
Farming incomes have increased
Diet of rural communities is now varied
Local infrastructure has been upgraded
Employment has been created for industries that supply farms with supplies and machinery

24. Disadvantages of the Green Revolution
High amounts of fertilizers and pesticides are needed to optimize production. This is both economically and environmentally costly
New varieties require more weed control and are more susceptible to pests and disease
Middle and higher-income farmers have benefited more than low-income farmers
Mechanization of farming has increased rural unemployment
Some new varieties have inferior taste

25. The Green Revolution: The Latest Concern
A 1992 UN report found that even in countries where food intake had risen, diseases associated with vitamin and mineral deficiencies had increased.
These deficiencies were linked to consumption of Green Revolution crops, which are low in vitamins and minerals
Because these crops have replaced common produce, many people in the developing world have extremely low levels of zinc, iron, and vitamin A

26. Review: AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTIONS
First Agricultural Revolution
Dating back 10,000 years, this achieved plant domestication and animal domestication.
Second Agricultural Revolution
Witnessed improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce.
Third Agricultural Revolution
Currently in progress, its principal orientation is the development of Genetically Modified Organisms

27. GMOs Copy the following :
Pros
Cons
What is the debate?
Your opinion
Watch the video about GMOs to answer:

28. GMOs

29. GM food: What's in a label? Plenty, says Vermont

30. Warm-up: Random Fact Friday! Turn in your warm-up sheet 
What does the phrase “c’est la vie “ mean?
What is a common Christmas tree decoration in Poland that Americans associate with a different holiday?
Cacao trees can live to be ____years old, but they produce marketable cocoa beans for only _____ years.
that’s life
In Poland, spiders or spider webs are common Christmas trees decorations because according to legend, a spider wove a blanket for Baby Jesus. In fact, Polish people consider spiders to be symbols of goodness and prosperity at Christmas.
Cacao trees can live to be 200 years old, but they produce marketable cocoa beans for only 25 years.

31. Today’s Agenda
1 – Quiz 2 – FRQ 3 – Begin “World Agriculture” chart