1. Basic First Aid Awareness Training
CPNZ Initiative for Patrollers
Objective: Have some fun while learning how to deal with First Aid Emergencies while on Patrol.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember:
When setting up for this training, make sure you give yourself plenty of time to review the First Aid Handbook, Trainer’s Notes and Slides BEFORE attempting to deliver this training.
Resources needed: This training is to be delivered in an environment that promotes active learning. You will need a Laptop, Data Projector and a Venue that allows Patrollers to undertake some role-playing activities on a clean floor. The ideal size of your group should be no more than 20 participants at any one time.
Outcomes: Participants will have the confidence to handle emergencies as they face them while on Patrol.

2. Just a Bit of Housekeeping
Toilets
Fire Exits/Assembly points
Mobile Phone (Turn to Silent Please)
Tea & Coffee (When Finished)
First Aid Booklet (Take Home and Read)
Objective: Getting Your House in Order
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory. However explain that a First Aid Booklet will be given to them at the completion of the training as a reference guide only. The Book is not to be used by the Patrollers while the training is being delivered. Everything covered in this training session is in the book and then some.
Points to Remember: This may be a new venue or you may have new ones attending for the first time. The kind and professional thing to do is point these basic features out to the participants. Imagine if the power went off and you are in complete darkness. This might be OK at home in familiar surroundings, but right now you are in a strange environment. It can be very distressing, not to mention dangerous. Always have a small torch handy.
Outcomes: Everyone is now at ease and you can begin your training session. REMEMBER, learning should be fun!

3. THIS IS NOT A FIRST AID COURSE!
Awareness Only
(Knowing what to do and when)
Keeping Yourself and Others Safe!
(Number 1 Priority at all times)
Getting the right help is the objective
(Dialing 111 from mobiles)
Objective: Explain what this training is and more importantly explain that this IS NOT a comprehensive First Aid Course.
Slide Contents:
Awareness Only (Knowing what to do and when), not a full-blown first aid course (Not Even Close!) If they enjoyed this tonight, a full first aid course is no more difficult.
Keeping Yourself and Others Safe! (Number 1 Priority at all times) You don’t want to become the next patient or victim (no matter how bad it looks, DO NOT compromise your own Safety).
Getting the right help is the objective here (Dialing 111).
Points to Remember: “Safety First To Self, Then Bystanders and Then the Patient.”
Outcomes: Have them repeat the above Mantra out loud at least three times together as a group.

4. What is First Aid?
First Aid is the immediate care given to a victim of injury or sudden illness until more advanced care can be provided.
Objective: Help the participant put the care they give into perspective.
Slide Contents: Calling someone on a phone is rendering First Aid. There is no obligation on anyone, trained or otherwise, at this level to assist. With the exception of those who are directly or personally involved in a car accident who are required under the LTNZ Traffic Code to stop at the accident they have just been involved in and render assistance.
There is a lot of mis-information out there about First Aid. If anyone has any specific First Aid questions that you cannot answer, have them contact the District or National Training Manager of CPNZ.
Points to Remember: Sitting with someone and providing comfort is First Aid This is just as important as bandaging a wound.
Outcomes: The participants should have a high degree of clarity about their role and responsibility while on patrol.

5. 4.6 million 2,500 7% 33% 4% How many people live in NZ?
How many Ambo’s do we have in NZ?
2,500
In NZ, what is the survival rate of a heart attack on the street? 7%
In NZ what is the survival rate of a heart attack in a hospital?
33%
Objective: Putting the help they give into perspective. Not everyone who gets help will survive!
Slide Contents: A Reality Check!
Points to Remember: The faster the help arrives, the better the chances for survival. Stay calm and focus on the task at hand. Remember:- KEEPING YOURSELF SAFE AT ALL TIMES IS THE MAIN PRIORITY.
Outcomes: Patrollers may feel that their contribution to the ill or injured is of little value. This could not be further from the truth. The worst thing you can do is NOTHING!
Current knowledge of CPR in the Community is about……. 4%

6. So why don’t more people learn First Aid?
Scared of failing / performing
Lack of time / money
Fear of legal repercussions
Don’t want to get involved
Communicable diseases
Objective: Explain why so few people are learning these Life Saving Skills.
Slide Contents:
Scared of failing / performing. People have a fear of exams or not being able to perform at an expected level. So this is about personal ability and accountability.
Lack of time / money. We are so busy we find it difficult to make the time to learn, and it can be a struggle to find the funds to pay for the training.
Fear of legal repercussions. FACT! No one has ever been sued anywhere in the world, for rendering First Aid - as they have been trained - to render assistance.
Don’t want to get involved. Some people prefer not to be involved for their own reasons.
Communicable diseases. HIV Aids and Hepatitis A, B or C are a very real concern for all, and that’s why we have gloves and face masks, if needed.
Avoid all Body fluids to be safe!
Points to Remember:
Put the patroller at ease by asking them when was the last time they personally heard of someone who was a First Aider dying from a communicable disease?
Outcomes: The Patroller should understand with a high degree of confidence that no harm will come to them if they follow some basic Hazard Management Rules like Gloves, Gloves, oh and some more gloves!

7. PRESERVE LIFE P REVENT DETERIORATION PROMOTE RECOVERY
The Three P’s
PRESERVE LIFE P REVENT DETERIORATION PROMOTE RECOVERY
Objective: Patrollers will easily recognise that these are our key objectives when rendering First Aid.
Slide Contents:
PRESERVE LIFE – As best you can
PREVENT DETERIORATION – As best you can
PROMOTE RECOVERY – As best you can
Points to Remember:
Outcomes: Patroller will appreciate that despite our best assistance and intervention these objectives are not always achieved!

8. KEEP YOURSELF SAFE – Be confident in your actions
Quickly
Calmly
Correctly
KEEP YOURSELF SAFE – Be confident in your actions
Objective: Explain to the patroller what to do and how.
Slide Contents:
Quickly – Quick deliberate actions with full self-control.
Calmly – Speak firmly, with conviction, and a kind and compassionate tone.
Correctly – Do not deviate from what you have been trained to do .
Points to Remember: Patrollers may find situations they face very distressing. No one will know how they will react in situations. As a priority Patrollers must keep themselves safe. Be confident in what they are doing. Within a situation, walking away to Dial 111 is important.
Outcomes: Build confidence within the participants. Do some role-playing with the person they are sitting next to. Have them demonstrate how they would like to be cared for and comforted when ill or injured, have some fun with it!

9. Objective: Build appreciation for dealing with Multi-Casualty situations.
Slide Contents: Ask:- How many injured people are in the picture?
Ask:- Who would they attend to first and why? (There are 3 injured persons in the foreground, and the children in the background are potential victims)
Best Answer is … No one! This incident is far too hazardous for a Patroller to do anything other than stay in their car and get help! If you are faced with a scene like this, stay in the safety of your car and call for help. However if you feel you must assist, the person next to the red car needs help first as he is unconscious and on his back and is as good as dead! This is because if you are on your back and unconscious you have lost the ability to maintain your own airway. The simple act of rolling him onto his side (Recovery Position) will be enough to keep his airway open in most cases.
Points to Remember: All unconscious people must be placed in the stable side position (Recovery Position) regardless of any other injuries that may be obvious. While a person may have spinal injuries, that in itself is less of a concern than being dead all because their airway is blocked.
Outcomes: Patrollers will need to appreciate the complexities of accidents and illnesses they will face while patrolling.
How many people in the picture and who would you attend to first and why?

10. Are there any Dangers? Traffic (including people) Fire
Electricity (fallen power lines)
Fuel or chemical spillage
Gas
Bad weather
Unstable Structures
Objective: Build a deep appreciation for maintaining your own safety.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember: Failing to recognise hazards and risks can have devastating impact. Don’t let your keenness to help get in the way of your ability to see the danger.
Outcomes: Can’t overstate the need for Self Preservation!
Remember “Safety is no Further Accident”!

11. Dial 111 Calling for Help ALWAYS HANG UP LAST! Nature of Call
– e.g. Road Traffic Crash, Not Breathing, etc.
Your EXACT Location
Telephone Number you are calling from
Your Name
Any Special Aids needed? – e.g. Fire, Police.
ALWAYS HANG UP LAST!
Objective: Build an appreciation for being clear and explicit when talking to the Emergency Services Operators.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory. Ask the group if they have had any experiences in dealing with Comms Ops, good or bad. The point here is to share their learning experiences.
Points to Remember: Less speed and more accuracy is needed. The operator can’t see what you see, so be clear about your numbers and names. Repeat them if necessary, or get them read back to you.
Outcomes: Patrollers will have a deeper understanding of this key activity.

12. IMPORTANT!! EXPLAIN YOUR ACTIONS! Before touching a Patient you MUST:-
If physical contact is needed to help the Patient, explain clearly what you need to do and why.
Ask questions ie ‘Where does it hurt’
‘Does it hurt if I touch here?’
Objective: Help the patient explain and locate the source of the pain.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory. Explain how rendering assistance is about showing respect and building a rapport with the patient.
Points to Remember: In some cultures, touching others, especially members of the opposite sex, can have serious consequences. Need to be mindful that some patients may refuse help. This is their prerogative, however, helping can also mean getting more experienced assistance - like the Police or Paramedics - who can intervene for the good of the patient regardless of the objections by the Patient. Patrollers must understand and appreciate that if they touch someone without that person’s consent, they can be charged with assault, despite how noble their intentions might have been.
Outcomes: A Patroller will understand the implications of touching someone without having the patients consent. This of course does not apply to the unconscious but one must do their level best to preserve a persons dignity at all times.

13. S.R.A.B.C.(D) For a chocolate fish tell me…
What do these letters mean?
S.R.A.B.C.(D)
(BASIC FIRST AID SKILL TAUGHT AT ALL LEVELS)
Objective: Build an appreciation for Basic First Aid procedures.
Slide Contents: Self explanatory. Next slide explains it all.
Points to Remember: Repetition for emphasis. BRING CHOCOLATE FISH OR SOME OTHER REWARD.
Outcomes: Hope like hell you have some chocolate fish on hand or some other reward!

14. First Things First! (The Primary Survey)
Safety - To Whom?
Response – Conscious or unconscious?
Airway – Clear and open?
Breathing – Can you Hear or See it?
Circulation – Are they Pink or Pale?
Defibrillation – Connect and follow
Bleeding – Stop the bleeding thing!
Shock – Expect it every time!
Objective: Building an appreciation for undertaking a Primary (or First Assessment) of the patient.
Slide Contents: Self explanatory.
Points to Remember: This is First Aid It’s worth noting here that this is the step-by-step process of assessing a patient used world wide by everyone in the emergency medicine field.
Outcomes: The patroller will need to understand that this is the priority action plan and they must not deviate from it!!
©ERTS®

15. How do we check for Consciousness?
We use the ‘COWS’ technique!
Objective: Establishing the level of Consciousness in a Patient.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember: Next Slide will explain.
Outcomes: Next slide explains the technique in detail.

16. C.O.W.S. =
Can you hear me? Open your eyes What’s your name? Squeeze my hand
Objective: At the end of this slide Patrollers will know how to get a response from their Patient.
Slide Contents: Always approach from the feet when possible and not the head. Approaching from the angle above the head may cause the patient to extend their neck backwards.
Can you hear me? – Basic command should get an open eye response, if not then do the next letter.
Open your eyes – Moving a little closer and tapping a person gently with your foot, if no response then try the next letter.
What’s your name? - Moving a little closer to their upper torso, level with shoulder and using the back of your hand, tap them a few times on the upper arm, and if no response then..
Squeeze my hand – now kneeling beside the patient, place one hand into the patient’s hand and ask them to squeeze your hand. If still no response, then place both your hands into their hands and repeat the question. You may get only one hand squeezing your hand which will indicate consciousness, but they may have loss of power due to stroke or fall. Do not move them and get help urgently!
Points to Remember: Your safety and security is paramount! Do not attempt this if you feel uncomfortable or you think this patient may be bluffing and waiting to attack.
Outcomes: The Patroller should now know how to check for the level of consciousness of a patient.

17. Now It’s Your Turn! In pairs perform primary survey on each other
Objective: Practical Exercise - Have some fun while learning.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember: “Better to Show Than Tell.”
Outcomes: Patrollers will have the confidence to perform this most basic skill, in life preservation of the unconscious casualty.

18. If you get a response, what to do now???
Given that your patient could go unconscious at any time, what do you think would be the next most important question to ask, other than their name?
How should it be recorded so that you can maximize the info you collect?
What do the Ambulance Officers need from you as soon as they arrive on scene?
Objective: Help the Patroller to appreciate the need for clear and accurate collection of relevant information.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory, ask and wait for a response to each question as a group.
Points to Remember: Next slide explains what is needed to capture this information accurately.
Outcomes: Patrollers will have an appreciation of how important the collection of information is, in a timely and methodical manner.

19. A are you allergic to anything?
A. M. P. L. E.
A are you allergic to anything?
M are you taking any medication at present?
P do you have any previous medical history?
L when did you last eat and last see your doctor?
Objective: Have Patrollers practice this on each other until they can recognise the triggers for each letter.
Slide Contents:
A are you allergic to anything? - If a patient goes into an unconscious state this information may save their life.
M are you taking any medication at present? – This may explain to the Ambulance Officer the reason for their current condition.
P do you have any previous medical history? – May indicate secondary conditions of interest to Ambulance Officer.
L when did you last eat and last see your doctor? – Patient may need stomach pumped before surgery or may explain blood sugar levels, also demonstrates recent medical interventions.
E do you remember what happened - the event? – If they have memory loss or can’t remember the immediate past, it would be reasonable to conclude they have been unconscious.
Points to Remember: This information is by far the most helpful to attending Ambulance Officer and speeds up any potential medical interventions or treatments.
Outcomes: Patrollers will appreciate the significance of collecting this information prior to the arrival of the Ambulance.
E do you remember what happened - the event?

20. Reviewing Your Action Plan
YOUR Safety is MOST IMPORTANT.
Determine Priorities:-
S.R.A.B.C.D
A.M.P.L.E
Multiple Casualties
Utilise By-Standers
Calling for Help - When?
Objective: Review what they have learned so far and clarify any misunderstandings or gaps in learning.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember: Repetition for emphasis!
Outcomes: Next slide will pose some more questions that will get them thinking about Cause and Effect.

21. Call for help OR treat the patient?
So what do you do first?
Call for help OR treat the patient?
It’s YOUR Call First Aider
YOU will have to decide what you do first, based on the situation and resources available to you.
Objective: Help the Patroller to understand there are no rules around First Aid intervention. It’s about what was right and most appropriate at the time.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember: Often times we hear people say “oh, that's not right” or “I would have done it differently”. REMEMBER – It’s like building a bridge, don’t care how you do it or what it looks like, only care about how effective it will be for crossing the river at that point of the journey.
Outcomes: Patrollers will appreciate that First Aid is about principles of managing the ill or injured and not about rules of engagement.

22. Is the victim breathing? YES But they are unconscious!
If safe, use the recovery position
DIAL 111
Re-assess at 5 Minute Intervals
Check for bleeding and STOP it
Objective: Have the patrollers practice this technique until it becomes second nature.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory. The next few slides demonstrate the technique of putting the patient into the Recovery Position.
Points to Remember: Many people have died simply because the have been left on their back while unconscious.
Outcomes: Patrollers will appreciate why they are placing a person on their side if unconscious!

23. Recovery Position 1st Stage
Objective: Have some fun while practicing this technique on each other.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember: The larger the person is, the easier they are to roll into the Recovery Position.
Outcomes: Skill acquisition.
Recovery Position 1st Stage

24. Recovery Position 2nd Stage
Objective: Have some fun while practicing this technique on each other.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember: The larger the person is, the easier they are to roll into the Recovery Position.
Outcomes: Skill acquisition.
Recovery Position 2nd Stage

25. Recovery Position 3rd Stage
Objective: Have some fun while practicing this technique on each other.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember: The larger the person is, the easier they are to roll into the Recovery Position.
Outcomes: Skill acquisition.
Recovery Position 3rd Stage

26. Recovery Position 4th Stage
Objective: Having placed the patient on their side, you may now look for other signs of injury, or reasons for their unconscious state.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember: By-standers may be able to give an indication as to the causes. Use by-standers to go for help. NOTE: Always have the by-stander report back to you once they have called for help.
Outcomes: Skill acquisition.

27. Circulation - Bleeding
Look for any external signs of bleeding
Check for a pulse (if trained) on wrist
Take note of skin colour (Lips or Nails)
Stemming the flow of bleeding will assist in the treatment of shock.
Allow Ambulance Officers to see how much blood loss has occurred.
DON’T FORGET TO WEAR GLOVES!
Objective: Patrollers will have an appreciation of why they need to manage bleeding.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember: There may be internal bleeding. Indicators are:-Bluish hue around the lips, or under their nails or on the palms of hands. Pale skin colour can indicate internal bleeding. On darker skinned people the indicators of internal bleeding may not be as obvious. Rigid stomach muscles and burning sensation of pain from the abdomen are also indicators of internal bleeding.
Outcomes: A Patroller will be able to recognise blood loss in a patient.

28. Shock can be Life Threatening
A person may die without a mark on them!
Expect Shock in all Emergencies
Shock is caused by fluid loss
Keep a person warm and calm
Never give them anything to eat or drink
Objective: A Patroller will recognise the need to manage shock.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember: “SHOCK is a life-threatening condition”. Expect it and manage it accordingly. If patient is bleeding, then try to stop it, and get help ASAP. People go into shock from hearing bad news, etc, this is a natural ‘flight or fight’ response in the body, generally caused by a sudden adrenalin dump into the bloodstream. This results in a sudden drop in blood pressure. The first sign of this is to faint! But it is shock nonetheless, and can kill a person right where they are standing!
Outcomes: A Patroller will recognise this life-threatening condition and treat it accordingly.

29. Training Summary Steps of Basic First Aid:
Calling for Help (What Numbers?)
Safety of everyone concerned! (Who)
Recovery Position (On Their Side)
Bleeding (Internally or Externally)
Shock (Life-threatening condition)
Objective: To ensure Patrollers have an understanding of what to do in an Emergency.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember: Some of this may take a while to sink in. “Its always better to show than tell”! As the trainer your focus should be on imparting key points that reflect a Safe n Sound approach to Emergencies. Don’t be concerned if they struggle. There has been a lot to take in.
Outcomes: The Patroller should be able to recall key aspects of their training. For instance how to call for help and how to place the person Recovery Position.

30. Finished............ Well almost! Quiz = Guess Work
Paperwork = Log Books
Certificates = Be proud of your effort
Cuppa = White & two, please!
Objective: Review the learning by undertaking the Quiz.
Slide Contents: Self-explanatory.
Points to Remember: Don’t forget to submit the paperwork and fill out the log books of the patrollers.
Outcomes: Patrollers should be commended for their efforts and encouraged to undertake a full First Aid course.