1. Chapter 5 Section 3: The Reform Spirit
Social Reform

2. Section 1-Polling Question
What is the most important way to help improve a society?
A. Education reform
B. Banning alcohol
C. Women’s rights
D. Helping the poor and disabled A B C D

3. Religion
Religious camp meetings (revivals) were common in the early 1800s.
The Second Great Awakening: religious leaders organized to revive America’s commitment in religion.
Some reformers sought to improve society by forming.
Charles G. Finney one of the most successful ministers for the religious group known as evangelists.

4. Religion
Some new denominations during this time include: Unitarianism, Universalism, and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons).
Joseph Smith began preaching the Mormon faith in New York in the 1820s.
Through persecution Mormons moved west and settled in Utah in 1844.

5. Section 1
Where did the religious group known as Mormons finally end up settling?
A. New York.
B. Utah.
C. The Northwest.
D. Florida. A B C D

6. Reforming Spirit
Revivalists preached the power of individuals to improve themselves and the world
Lyman Beecher caused the spread of benevolent societies.
The first focus of benevolent societies was the spread the word of God.
Later these societies sought to combat social problems happening in the world.

7. Cultural Trends
Changes in American society influenced art and literature.
American artists developed their own style.
The spirit of reform influenced the transcendentalists- Belief that people can transcend, or overcome, the minds limits.
The leading transcendentalists were Margaret Fuller, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau

8. Cultural Trends Continued
Many of the nation’s writers set out to create uniquely American works that celebrated people, history, and the natural beauty of the United States
James Fenimore Cooper “The Last of the Mohicans”
Nathaniel Hawthorne “The Scarlett Letter”
Herman Melville “Moby Dick”

9. A B C D What were “Penny Papers”?
Section 1
What were “Penny Papers”?
A. Mass published newspapers for all readers
B. Papers that were printed only geared toward the wealthy and literate reader
C. Plays that were showcased on the first television
D. General interest magazines that were geared toward a specific group A B C D

10. Social Reform
Some reformers sought to improve society by forming utopias (Perfect society)
Utopian societies included:
Brook Farm near Boston based on social and political ideologies.
The Shakers got their name from a ritual shaking dance the members performed.

11. Temperance Movement
A number of reformers argued that alcohol was the main cause for problems in society.
Lyman Beecher, a Connecticut minister, crusaded against the use of alcohol (temperance)
Beecher and other reformers used lectures, pamphlets, and revival style rallies to warn people of the dangers of liquor
The temperance movement laws banning to manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.

12. Prison Reform
One of American societies biggest problems was its prison reform.
Inmates of all kinds were crowded together: violent offenders and the mentally ill.
Some prisons were actually just holes in the ground.
One jail in Connecticut for example, was an abandoned mineshaft.

13. People With Special Needs
Some reformers focused on the problem of teaching people with disabilities
Thomas Gallaudet developed a method to educate people who were hearing impaired
Samuel Gridley Howe developed books with large raised letters to help the visually impaired
Schoolteacher Dorothea Dix worked for prison reforms after seeing prisoners chained to walls
She also found that some people were not guilty of crimes, but were mentally ill
She made it her life’s work to educate the public about poor conditions for prisoners and the mentally ill

14. Reforming Education
In the mid-1850’s, most schools were poorly funded. Teachers lacked training
Restrictions were placed on who could attend schools (Girls and African Americans)
Massachusetts lawyer Horace Mann called for educational reforms
1839- Massachusetts created the nation’s first state-supported normal school to train teachers

15. Reforming Education Continued
During the age of reform, many new colleges and universities were created
Most accepted only men
Gradually, higher education became available to groups that had been denied the opportunity
Oberlin College of Ohio was founded in 1833
Oberlin admitted both women and African Americans

16. Women’s Education
Emma Willard founded a girls boarding school in Vermont.
Mary Lyon opened the first higher education school for women

17. Women’s Activists
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the Seneca Falls Convention in New York.
The Seneca Falls Convention marked the beginning of the Women’s Movement.

18. Section 1
Which female Activist helped start the Women’s Movement in the United States?
A. Catherine Beecher
B. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
C. Mary Lyon
D. Walt Whitman A B C D

19. Abolitionist Movement
Abolitions fought for an immediate end to slavery.
William Lloyd Garrison worked for an antislavery newspaper in Baltimore
Garrison called for emancipation, or freeing of enslaved persons.
Frederick Douglass escaped from slavery in Maryland and published his own newspaper called the North Star
Sojourner Truth was an African American Abolitionist and freed all New York African American slaves.

20. Directions: Complete the chart based on the notes
Essential Question
Look closely at the painting of a New England School on page 198. How is the room heated? What kinds of supplies did the students have?
Directions: Complete the chart based on the notes
Key Figures
Key Contributions
Abolitionists
Literary Figures
Religious Leaders
Women Leaders

21. Chapter 14 Section 1 Quiz

22. Utopias are based on a vision of a perfect society.
True
False

23. Religious leaders fought for the freedom to drink alcohol.
True
False

24. In 1839 Massachusetts founded the first state-supported school to train teachers.
True
False

25. The roles of wife and mother were not roles that most parents wanted for their daughters.
True
False

26. During the 1820s American artists developed their own style and explored American themes.
True
False

27. Who opened Hartford School for the deaf in Connecticut in 1817?
Samuel Gridley Howe
Dorothea Dix
Thomas Gallaudet
Horace Mann

28. The first college in the United States to admit women and African Americans was
Harvard.
Ashmun Institute.
Mount Holyoke.
Oberlin College of Ohio.

29. Who was the schoolteacher who helped reform attitudes toward the mentally ill?
Dorothea Dix
Samuel Gridley Howe
George Catlin
Thomas Gallaudet

30. naturalists. transcendentalists. reformers. conscience-raisers.
People who stressed the relationship between humans and nature and the importance of the individual conscience were called
naturalists.
transcendentalists.
reformers.
conscience-raisers.

31. What writer wrote about the injustice of slavery?
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Herman Melville
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Washington Irving

32. Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1
Participant 2
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5

33. Team Scores
Team 1
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4
Team 5