1. CELLS

2. Cell Analogy =
A factory contains many areas that act similarly to the parts in a cell. These parts of a cell are called organelles.
A factory assembles parts to make an product/invention.
A cell assembles amino acids to make proteins.

3. What are Proteins for? Control the rate of reactions
Regulate cell processes
Form bones + muscle
Transport substances in and out of cells
Help fight disease

4. Two Main Groups of Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Less complex and less advanced(more primitive)
No nucleus or other specialized cell parts
Examples: Bacteria Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
More complex cells.
Contain specialized cell parts (organelles) such as cell nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts (plants), etc.
Examples: animal cells, plant cells, and some single celled organisms called protists.

5. PLANT CELL (eukaryotic)

6. ANIMAL CELL (eukaryotic)

7. CELL MEMBRANE ALL CELLS HAVE CELL MEMBRANE PROTECTS CELL
CONTROLS WHAT ENTERS AND EXITS CELL
CONSISTS OF 2-LAYERS OF LIPIDS/FAT & PROTEIN CHANNELS

8. CELL WALL FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS AND SOME BACTERIA
PROTECTS AND SUPPORTS CELL

9. CYTOPLASM
Cytoplasm is the liquid that is inside the membrane but outside the nucleus.
The ‘soup’ inside the cell.
Provides an environment for other organelles to reside.

10. NUCLEUS

11. NUCLEUS CONTROL CENTER OF CELL (“brain of cell”)
CONTAINS GENETIC MATERIAL (DNA)
CONTROLS ALL CELL ACTIVITIES

12. MITOCHONDRIA ‘POWER HOUSE’ OF CELL (‘mighty mitochondria”)
CONVERTS ENERGY INTO MORE USABLE FORMS FOR CELL (ATP!)
Cellular Respiration occurs in mitochondria

13. CHLOROPLASTS FOUND IN PLANT CELLS AND SOME BACTERIA
CONVERT SUNLIGHT ENERGY INTO SUGAR (CHEMICAL ENERGY) = PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CONTAIN GREEN PIGMENT CHLOROPHYLL

14. RIBOSOMES SITE WHERE PROTEINS ARE MANUFACTURED
SOME ARE ‘FREE’ AND SOME ARE ATTACHED TO ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

15. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)

16. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
Two types of endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
Rough ER is where proteins are modified
The Smooth ER makes the lipid components of the cell membrane

17. Golgi Apparatus
Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins or other products from ER

18. LYSOSOMES CLEAN-UP CREW OF CELL
CONTAINS DIGESTIVE ENZYME THAT BREAK DOWN WASTE

19. VACUOLES PRIMARILY FOUND IN PLANT CELLS
PROVIDES A PLACE FOR STORAGE AND CONTAINS MAINLY WATER AND WASTE PRODUCTS
PROVIDES SUPPORT AND TRANSPORTS MATERIALS
THE ‘CENTRAL VACUOLE IN PLANT CELLS’ OCCUPIES ¾ OF CELL VOLUME