1. Confined Spaces 29 CFR 1910.146 is the OSHA regulation
that requires employers to protect
employees in general industry from the
hazards of entering a confined space that
can cause immediate danger to life and
health.

2. Confined Spaces A space that is large enough to be
What is a confined space?
A space that is large enough to be
entered; has limited means of entry and
exit; and is not designed for continuous
employee occupancy.

3. Two Types of Confined Spaces
A confined space that does not meet the requirements of a Permit Required Confined Space; and
A Permit Required Confined Space.

4. Permit Required Confined Space
A permit required confined space is a
space that has one of the following
characteristics:
Contains or has a potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere

5. Contains a material such grain or sawdust that has the potential for engulfing an entrant
Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section

6. Contains any recognized serious safety or health hazard

7. Employers Requirements
The employer must evaluate the
workplace to determine if any spaces are
permit-required spaces. A decision flow
chart can be found in Appendix A of
29 CFR

8. Employers Requirements
If the employer determines that there are
permit spaces, these spaces must be
posted with danger signs indicating the
existence and location of the danger
posed by the permit space. The employer
has the choice of allowing or not allowing
employees to enter the space.

9. Employers Requirements
If the employer decides that its employees
WILL enter permit spaces, you must
have a written permit space program.
Initial and refresher training must be
conducted for all affected employees.

10. Permit Required Program
If you have permit required spaces, and
you allow your employees to enter the
space you must have the following:
A written program
There are numerous requirements within a written program i.e., a permit.
(See handout)

11. Testing and monitoring equipment
Ventilating equipment
Communications equipment
Proper PPE
Lighting equipment
Barriers and shields
Rescue equipment

12. Lockout/Tagout Scope & Application
The OSHA Standard for the Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) 29 CFR covers the servicing maintenance of machines and equipment in which the unexpected start-up or release of stored energy could possibly cause injury to employees

14. Types of Energy Mechanical Hydraulic Pneumatic Chemical Thermal
Electrical

15. Lockout/Tagout Applies
Whenever the employee:
- removes or bypasses machine guards or other safety devices,
resulting in exposure to hazards at the point of operation;
- places any part of their body in contact with the
point of operation of the machine or piece of equipment;
- places any part of their body into a danger zone associated
with a machine operating cycle.

16. Does Not Apply
While servicing or maintaining cord and plug connected electrical equipment (the plug must be removed from the energy source and remain under the exclusive control of the employee performing the service or maintenance.
During hot tap operations that involve transmission and distribution systems for gas, steam, water, or petroleum products when they are performed on pressurized pipelines; when continuity of service is essential and shutdown impractical and an equivalent form of employee protection is provided.

17. Definitions
Authorized Employee – An employee who performs servicing or maintenance on machines and equipment. Lockout or tagout is used by these employees for their protection.
Affected Employee – An employee who performs the duties of their job within an area in which the lockout or tagout is implemented while servicing or maintenance activities are being performed.

18. Definitions (cont’d)
Lockout – The placement of a lockout device on an energy isolating device, per facility procedure, ensuring that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled cannot be operated until the lockout device is removed.
Tagout – The placement of a tagout device on an energy isolating device, per facility procedure, to indicate that the energy isolating device and the equipment being controlled may not operate until the tagout is removed.

19. Definitions (cont’d)
Lockout Device – Any device that uses positive means, such as a lock, to hold an energy isolating device in a safe position preventing the energizing of machinery or equipment.
Tagout Device – Any prominent warning device, such as a tag and a means of attachment, securely fastened to an energy isolating device, indicating that the affected machine or equipment must not be operated until the tagout device is removed.
Energy Isolating Device – Any mechanical device that physically prevents the transmission or release of energy (e.g., circuit breaker)

20. Lockout vs. Tagout If an energy isolating device is capable of
being locked out, it must be locked out
unless it can be shown that a tagout
system provides full employee protection

21. Written Procedures
Identifies the information authorized employees must know in order to control hazardous energy during service or maintenance and includes the following minimum elements:
Statement on how the procedure will be used;
Procedural steps necessary to shut down, isolate, block, and secure machines and equipment;
Steps designating the safe placement, removal, and transfer of lockout/tagout devices and responsible person;
Specific requirements for testing machines or equipment to determine and verify the effectiveness of locks, tags, and other energy control measures.

22. Energy Control Procedure
Preparation for shutdown
Shutting down the equipment
Equipment isolation
Application of Lockout/Tagout devices
Release of stored energy
Verification of equipment isolation

23. Preparation for Shutdown
Understand the types and amounts of energy that power the equipment
Understand the hazards associated with the energy
Understand how to safely control the energy

24. Equipment Shutdown
Shut the system down using available operating controls
Follow whatever procedure is appropriate for the equipment to avoid endangering anyone during the shutdown

25. Equipment Isolation
Be sure to isolate all energy sources, secondary power supplies as well as primary supplies
Never just remove a fuse when you can disconnect the equipment completely

26. Application of Devices
All energy isolating devices are to be
locked, tagged or both
When lockout is used, every employee in the work crew must attach their personal lock

27. Release of Stored Energy
Ensure all parts have stopped moving
Relieve trapped pressure
Block or brace parts that could fall
Bleed lines and vent valves open
If stored energy can re-accumulate, then monitor conditions to make sure it stays below hazardous levels

28. Verify Equipment Isolation
Ensure all danger areas are clear of personnel
Verify disconnect switch or circuit breaker cannot be moved to the “on” position
Attempt to start equipment by engaging all activating controls and return controls to the “off” position when testing is complete

29. Removing Lockout/Tagout
Ensure all tools re removed from the work area and that the system is fully assembled
Notify everyone in the work area that the lockout/tagout is being removed
Remove lockout/tagout devices – each device must be removed by the person who put it on

30. Shift Changes
If service or maintenance activities last longer then one shift - lockout/tagout protection must not be interrupted
If the employee who applied the device is not there to remove it – then it can only be removed in an emergency and under the direction of the supervisor

31. Contractors
The outside contractor and the on-site employer must exchange lockout/tagout information and decide who’s program will be used
Employees on-site must understand the rules used by the contractor

33. Periodic Inspections
Inspections must be performed and certified annually by supervision to assure:
That the energy control procedures continue to be implemented and that employees are familiar with their responsibilities
Certification must identify the machine or equipment and include the date of inspection, and of individual performing the inspection, and any deviations and corrective actions

34. Important Always turn machines off to make minor adjustments.
Always lockout machines if more than a minor adjustment is needed.

35. Types Of Lockout Devices
Gate Valve Handle Cover
Ball Valve Handle Cover
Butterfly Valve Cover
Single Pole Breaker
Multiple Pole Breaker
Cord and Plug

36. Types, cont.
Wall Switch
Chains
Scissor Lock Hasp
Blinds, i.e, skillet

53. Accidents 59 - days without a recordable accident
74 - days with a lost time accident
You are entering the most dangerous time
for accidents.

54. What can you do to help to reach 100?
Correct unsafe behavior
Point out slip, trip and fall hazards
Place cones on slip hazards
Don’t put off telling someone of a hazard

55. Questions ?