1. Taxonomy
The process of describing the ways in which organisms are grouped according to similarities and differences

2. Carolus Linnaeus Father of Taxonomy
Described organisms with two word names, instead of polynomials
Developed binomial nomenclature
First word = genus name
Second word = species name

3. Why binomial nomenclature?
Much easier than a 10+ word name under old “polynomial system”
Same name no matter where you go
Less confusion

4. Origami Time =)
Hotdog fold all eight of your squares

5. All organisms classified in a hierarchy
Kingdom (broadest)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (most specific)

6. Why is taxonomy useful? Helps prevent confusion among scientists
Helps to show how organisms are related
Can be used to reconstruct phylogenies – evolutionary histories – of an organism or group (evolutionary classification)

7. Origami Time =)
Take your hotdog folded papers in fold the top corners of each square (like making a house)

8. A note on cladograms
Graph showing when different groups diverged from a common ancestral line
The bottom of the cladogram is the “root” which represents the common ancestor
Points where they diverge are often noted with a feature that was different between ancestral group and a “new” feature in the group that split off.
Where the cladogram splits is known as a “node”

9. Cladogram 2 which lineages are more closely related to each other?
3 this cladogram shows the
evolutionary relationship among
vertebrates. What can you tell me about the relationships?
1 this diagram shows a single
ancestral lineage splitting into two.
The point of the splitting is called a “node”
in the cladogram.
2 which lineages are
more closely related
to each other?

10. Origami Time =)
Listen carefully as Ms. Campbell explains the perpendicular fold you are about to make

11. The 6 kingdoms Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Archaebacteria Eubacteria Fungi
Protista
Animal
Plantae

12. Origami Time =)
Now that you have your perpendicular shapes, place two of them in your hands facing the same direction with the opening pointing downwards
Place the point of the paper in your right hand into the opening of the paper in your left hand
Fold the points of the left hand shape into the right hand shape to lock in place
Do this for all 8 shapes

13. Overview of the 6 kingdoms
Archaebacteria
Unicellular
Live in extreme environments
Cell walls without peptidoglycan
Autotroph or Heterotroph
Prokaryotic
Eubacteria
Cell walls with peptidoglycan

14. Overview of the 6 kingdoms
Protista
Eukaryotic
Unicellular or multicellular
Known for cilia and flagella
Found in pond water
Some have cell walls of cellulose
Some have chloroplasts
Many are microscopic
Heterotroph or Autotroph

15. Overview of the 6 kingdoms
Fungi
Cell walls made of chitin
Eukaryotic
Most Multicellular/ some unicellular
Heterotrophs
Saprodes
Sessile

16. Overview of the 6 kingdoms
Plantae
Eukaryotic
Most Multicellular/some unicllular
Cell walls made of cellulose
Autotroph
Sessile
Animalia
Multicellular
No cell walls/no chloroplasts
Heterotrophs
Most motile/ some sessile

17. Show Me what you GOT!

18. Characteristics go here
Kingdoms go here