1. © ORCA Education Limited 2005
Macronutrients
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 40, 68
PLAY Acknowledge
PLAY Explain
SAY Hello | Hi | Good Day,
SAY I am Tom. | My name is Tom. | I am the VT character Tom.
SAY ^PAUSE=300^ I will provide some extra guidance and information ^PAUSE=300^ during this {prez entation=presentation.} | I will help with some extra information during this {prez entation=presentation.} ^PAUSE=800^
PLAY Explain2
SAY In this {prez entation=presentation} we will look at macronutrients, ^PAUSE=300^ introducing proteins, ^PAUSE=200^ amino acids, ^PAUSE=200^ carbohydrates ^PAUSE=300^ and fats.| Today we will look at macro-nutrients including proteins, amino acids carbohydrates and fats. ^PAUSE=300^
SAY We will consider their importance in our diet and how they should be considered when planning a meal.
PLAY Announce2
SAY My colleagues may also give some help. | There are other characters who may also be called on to give some guidance. | Some of my colleagues may also help out. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY While we are talking ^PAUSE=300^ you can ^EMPHASIS^Suspend us ^PAUSE=300^ or ask us to ^EMPHASIS^Resume ^PAUSE=300^ by right clicking on us and then choosing ^PAUSE=300^ Suspend ^PAUSE=300^ or Resume ^PAUSE=300^ from the menu.^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Decline
SAY If you choose ^EMPHASIS^Hide ^PAUSE=300^ we will stop completely! ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Sad
SAY ^PAUSE=600^
PLAY Alert
SAY Oh yes! ^PAUSE=300^
SAY There are some terms that may be new to you.
SAY If you want to see them before the {prez entation=presentation} click on the New Words button.
PLAY Point225
SAY ^PAUSE=800^
SAY These keywords in the text are red and underlined, ^PAUSE=300^ if you click on a highlighted word you will see a ^EMPHASIS^short definition
PLAY GestureDown
SAY at the bottom of the page. ^PAUSE=800^
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© ORCA Education Limited 2005

2. What does food consist of?
to keep us alive
What does food consist of?
to avoid hunger, starvation and malnutrition
Food is made up of substances called nutrients.
There are two types of nutrients:
macronutrients
and micronutrients.
We also need water and dietary fibre (Non-starch polysaccharides or NSP).
Our diet is what we eat and drink.
to give us energy
so our bodies can grow and repair
to maintain health and fight disease
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 18, 68
PLAY Alert
SAY Do you ever think about what you eat? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY Or do you just eat ^EMPHASIS^whatever you fancy ^PAUSE=300^ or whatever you are given? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY GestureLeft
SAY As it says here ^PAUSE=300^ it is important that our diet provides us with ^EMPHASIS^all the nutrients we need. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Think
SAY How would you describe ^EMPHASIS^your diet? ^PAUSE=700^
PLAY Announce2
SAY Is it good ^PAUSE=200^ or bad, ^PAUSE=400^ healthy or poor? ^PAUSE=700^
PLAY LookLeft
SAY Too ^EMPHASIS^much food^PAUSE=200^ may {leed=lead} to obesity, ^PAUSE=200^ too little food may {leed=lead} to under-nutrition, ^PAUSE=300^ eating disorders and health problems. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Sad
SAY We expect malnutrition to be a problem for people in less economically developed countries where there is war or drought, ^PAUSE=300^ but malnutrition really means ^EMPHASIS^poor nutrition.
SAY That is simply not eating ^EMPHASIS^enough of the right foods to meet your dietary needs, ^PAUSE=300^
SAY or eating too ^EMPHASIS^much^PAUSE=300^ which {leeds=leads} to obesity. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY We need to eat the right amount of each type of food to meet our needs. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY Our foods must contain the nutrients to give us a ^EMPHASIS^balanced diet. ^PAUSE=1300^
END
What do we need food for?
eating is part of our society and culture. *

3. Why do we need Protein?
our hair
Protein provides the building blocks for growth and repair of our bodies e.g.
our nails
Protein can also be used as an energy source but usually only when energy sources from carbohydrates have been used up.
our body cells.
our muscles
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 22, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY Announce2
SAY It is ^EMPHASIS^very rare for people in Britain not to have enough protein. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY In fact^PAUSE=300^ the average adult needs about forty five grams of protein a day. ^PAUSE=900^
PLAY Confused
SAY Considering how many foods contain protein, ^PAUSE=300^ if we eat a variety of foods we are ^EMPHASIS^bound to get enough. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY HandsOnHips
SAY If you like {lasanya=lasagne} ^PAUSE=300^ or shish {kbab=kabab} in pitta bread ^PAUSE=300^ or even lamb rogan josh, ^PAUSE=300^ you will get thirty to forty grams of protein just in one portion! ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Acknowledge
SAY Deficiency mainly occurs in less economically developed countries where there is not enough food to provide energy needs. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY The body will draw on protein in muscles and convert ^EMPHASIS^this into energy. So someone with protein malnutrition will have muscle wasting. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY LookUpLeft
SAY ^EMPHASIS^She will need to get enough protein!
PLAY Alert
END
Here in Britain 16% of our energy comes from Protein. *

4. Amino Acids Proteins are made from twenty amino acids.
Our bodies make eleven dispensable or non-essential amino acids.
We cannot make the other nine indispensable or essential amino acids.
Only children cannot make enough of the amino acid Histidine.
We must get the essential amino acids from our diet. *
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SHOW peedy, peedy.acs, 22, 68
PLAY LookLeft
SAY Be careful with those feet, ^PAUSE=300^ please! ^PAUSE=300^
PLAY Think
SAY ^PAUSE=1000^
PLAY GestureUp
SAY Oh yes, ^PAUSE=300^ you have to get the nine ^EMPHASIS^essential amino acids^PAUSE=300^ from what we eat!^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY But only ^EMPHASIS^children ^PAUSE=300^ do not make enough of the essential amino acid ^PAUSE=300^ Histidine. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY Now that leaves you adult humans needing to take in ^EMPHASIS^eight essential amino acids.^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Alert
SAY So what are the names of the other eight essential amino acids? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Announce
SAY OK we have {loosin=leucine,}^PAUSE=300^ {I so loosin=isoleucine,}^PAUSE=300^ {vay leen= valine,} ^PAUSE=300^ {three ohnpne=threonone,} ^PAUSE=300^ {meth eeohnone=methionone,} ^PAUSE=300^ {feeny lal neen=phenylalanine,} ^PAUSE=300^ {lie sin=lysine}^PAUSE=500^ and of course,
SAY Good old tryptophan!^PAUSE=600^
PLAY Acknowledge
SAY Where would we be without tryptophan?^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Uncertain
SAY Well these amino acids have some unusual jobs.
SAY Tryptothan apparently is a sedative^PAUSE=300^ that can calm us and help us sleep. ^PAUSE=300^ But the effects are very complex. ^PAUSE=600^
PLAY Wave
END

5. Proteins
Good sources of protein are found in foods from both animal and plant origin.
This pie chart shows where our sources of protein come from in the UK.
These sources are likely to be processed and included in other products.
What are the sources of protein in Spaghetti Bolognese or in a quiche? *
Reference: British Nutrition Foundation

6. Why Have Beans and Toast?
Plants (except Soya) do not contain all the essential amino acids.
Plant sources of protein are said to have a low biological value (LBV);
but by choosing a good combination of ingredients you can get a better meal (higher biological value).
Putting a cereal and a pulse together can give a higher biological value.
Beans on toast or lentil soup and bread are good examples of complementary protein meals.
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 22, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY GestureLeft
SAY Do we ^EMPHASIS^have to eat animal products to get the proteins we need? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Announce2
SAY Well it is amazing how ^EMPHASIS^much protein is found in foods like bread, ^PAUSE=300^ rice, ^PAUSE=300^ noodles, ^PAUSE=300^ {paster=pasta,} and also in beans, peas and lentils. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY Although vegetable proteins are said to be second class ^PAUSE=300^ they can provide ^EMPHASIS^all the essential amino acids we need if cereals are combined with beans, lentils or peas. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY Soya is an exception as it contains ^EMPHASIS^all the amino acids.
PLAY HandsOnHips
SAY Eating plant proteins rather than animal proteins does have some other benefits. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY Plant foods contain lots of other nutrients and are low in fat!^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Think
END
Do we have to eat animal or animal products for our protein needs? *

7. Why might these products be seen as “healthy” options? *
Meat Replacements
Some people prefer not to eat meat or other proteins from animals.
Novel proteins have been developed as alternative sources of protein. e.g.
Tofu is made from curdling Soya milk
TVP (textured vegetable protein) from Soya bean flour
Quorn from a tiny mushroom-like plant called myco-protein.
Why might these products be seen as “healthy” options? *

8. How Does Quorn Compare?
The graph compares Quorn with other protein sources.
Which has the most protein?
Which has the least protein?
Which has the most fat?
Are baked potatoes a good source of protein?
What are the advantages of Quorn?
What are the disadvantages of Quorn? *

9. Why do we need carbohydrates? *
There are two types of carbohydrates; sugars and starches.
The sugar you buy in the shop is made from sugar cane or sugar beet.
Sugar is also found in fruit, vegetables and milk.
Starches are found in cereals e.g. wheat and rice, pulses (peas, beans and lentils) and vegetables.
Sugars are easily released into the bloodstream and give instant energy.
Starches are complex carbohydrates and release their sugar molecules at a much slower rate.
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY GestureLeft
SAY Well carbohydrates are our energy foods! ^PAUSE=1000^
PLAY Think
PLAY Announce2
SAY Fifty percent of our energy needs should come from ^EMPHASIS^these foods. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY Breakfast cereals, ^PAUSE=300^ bread, ^PAUSE=300^ rice, ^PAUSE=200^ potatoes and other vegetables are ^EMPHASIS^good sources of carbohydrates. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY CrossArms
SAY Of course, ^PAUSE=300^ cakes, ^PAUSE=200^ biscuits, fizzy drinks and chocolates give us plenty of energy ^EMPHASIS^too. ^EMPHASIS^
PLAY Decline
SAY Mind you, ^PAUSE=300^ it may not be a good idea to make chocolate the ^EMPHASIS^whole fifty percent! ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Confused
SAY I remember one Easter when I was young.^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Acknowledge
SAY I think I got close to one ^EMPHASIS^hundred percent!^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY I was ^EMPHASIS^not^PAUSE=400^ too well.^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Greet
END
Why do we need carbohydrates? *

10. Starches or Sugars?
Why should this boy eat foods rich in complex carbohydrates rather than simple sugars?
They fill us up so we don’t feel the need to snack and eat so many fatty or sugary foods.
They contain other nutrients as well as carbohydrate.
They keep blood-sugar and energy levels constant.
They contain dietary fibre (NSP) particularly wholemeal and high fibre foods for a healthy digestive system.

11. Sources of Carbohydrates
Where do we get our carbohydrates from?
The pie chart shows the food types that provide the average daily carbohydrate intake in the UK.
Which is likely to be the best source of complex carbohydrates? *
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 32, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY GestureRight
SAY Well the best source of complex carbohydrates will be the cereals. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY LookLeft
PLAY Point45
SAY Fruit and vegetables are quite good^PAUSE=300^ but sweets and jams are just likely to give you ^EMPHASIS^quick energy. ^PAUSE=800^
PLAY Confused
SAY But why is that a problem? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY Imagine eating a chocolate bar! ^PAUSE=1300^ Very nice ^PAUSE=300^ but there is always a but. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Announce2
SAY Chocolate contains ^EMPHASIS^lots of sugars which are easily absorbed into the bloodstream and give a ^EMPHASIS^quick energy boost.
PLAY Explain2
SAY This energy supply is quickly transported to cells causing blood sugar levels to drop creating a craving for ^EMPHASIS^more sugar. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Decline
SAY If you do not use up ^EMPHASIS^all the energy it will be stored in your body as fat. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY However, those starchy complex foods release their sugar molecules ^PAUSE=300^ at a much slower rate^PAUSE=300^ so the blood sugar levels are kept constant, ^PAUSE=300^ we feel full and do not have the urge to eat again for hours.
PLAY GestureLeft
SAY Starchy foods tend to have lots of other nutrients as well. ^PAUSE=300^ Next time you are hungry, have some whole meal bread ^PAUSE=300^ or a bowl of breakfast cereals!^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Think
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12. Types of sugar There are different types of sugar
Extrinsic or milk sugar (lactose).
There are different types of sugar
NME has little nutritional value apart from providing energy and are referred to as empty calories.
NME is added to many foods.
It is called hidden sugar as we are often not aware that it is included.
Non-milk extrinsic sugar (NME) table sugar (sucrose).
How can we cut down on the amounts of hidden sugars in our diet? *
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY GestureRight
SAY Cutting down on hidden sugars would seem to be quite straightforward. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain
SAY The way to cut down on ^EMPHASIS^hidden sugar ^PAUSE=300^ is to eat less {pro sessed=processed} food. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Think
SAY This is not as easy as it seems^PAUSE=300^ because ^EMPHASIS^even a yoghurt, ^PAUSE=300^ which is seen as a healthy food, ^PAUSE=300^ contains sugar ^PAUSE=300^ and so do breakfast cereals. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY Look for foods with ^EMPHASIS^no added sugar^PAUSE=300^ or failing that, ^PAUSE=300^ try looking at the nutritional information on the label.^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Alert
SAY Do you think the nutritional information on labels is clear enough? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Confused
END
Intrinsic, found in unprocessed food e.g. fruit and vegetables (fructose).

13. Tooth Decay Eat less sugary food.
Reduce exposure time of teeth to sugar.
All types of sugar can cause tooth decay or dental caries although table sugar (sucrose) is most damaging.
Bacteria in dental plaque feed on sugar, producing acid which attacks tooth enamel.
Saliva helps to neutralize acid but this takes about minutes.
If you must snack on sweet foods, do it all in one go.
Avoid sticky chewy foods that stay in the mouth.
Brush twice a day and go to the dentist.
How can we avoid dental caries?
Realise your teeth have to last your life.*

14. Fat Facts Fat is a good source of energy (although very concentrated).
Fat provides us with vitamins A and D and essential fatty acids.
The body needs fat.
Fat under the skin helps keep us warm.
Fat around our major organs protects them from damage.
Fat is part of the structure of body cells. *

15. What are Fats? Fats are made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Fatty Acid Examples
Fats are made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
They can be either solid or liquid.
They contain fatty acids.
There are three main types of fatty acids, classified according to their molecular structure.
Saturated fatty acids (e.g.Stearic)
Monounsaturates (e.g. Oleic)
Polyunsaturates (e.g. Linoleic)
Oleic and Linoleic are both unsaturated fatty acids.
Most fats contain a mixture but some foods have a greater proportion of one type of fatty acid. *

16. Choosing Fats These cakes, are high in saturated fatty acids.
Fatty meats, other milk dairy products and eggs are also high in saturated fatty acids.
Saturated fatty acids are also “hidden” fats in processed and take-away food, e.g. cakes, meat pies, chocolate, biscuits, sausages, burgers.
Saturated fatty acids are linked to heart disease.
This mackerel dish with almonds is high in unsaturated fatty acids.
The dish includes vegetable oils, oily fish, soft vegetable margarine and nuts.
These are the main sources of essential fatty acids to keep body tissue healthy. *
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SHOW tom, tom.acs, 42, 68
PLAY Wave
PLAY Think
SAY So how can we make ^EMPHASIS^good choices about the fats we consume? ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Announce2
SAY It is recommended that no more than thirty-five percent of food energy ^PAUSE=300^ should come from fats^PAUSE=300^ and no more than eleven percent from saturated fatty acids. ^PAUSE=800^
PLAY Explain
SAY This equals about seventy-six grams a day of total fat intake for an ^EMPHASIS^average adult woman. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain2
SAY One way to reduce fat intake is to choose lower fat versions of food, ^PAUSE=300^ particularly dairy products. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Alert
SAY Eating meat low in fat like poultry ^PAUSE=300^ and lean cuts will keep fat intake down. ^PAUSE=1300^
SAY We should also use less fat in cooking.^PAUSE=300^ Try grilling or baking rather than frying food. ^PAUSE=1300^
PLAY Explain3
SAY Using olive oil or sunflower oil that are richer in monosaturates will also help.^PAUSE=1300^
END

17. Cholesterol Cholesterol is made in the liver using the fat we eat.
Eating foods that are high in saturated fat can increase blood cholesterol levels which can contribute to coronary heart disease.
It is essential that fats are included in our diet but eating too much fat can lead to obesity and heart disease. *

18. Vocabulary Complex carbohydrates Macronutrients Extrinsic sugars
Non milk extrinsic sugars
Intrinsic sugars
Dental caries
Saturated fatty acids
Unsaturated fatty acids *
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Non essential amino acids
Essential amino acids
Low biological value
Pulses
Novel proteins

19. The Task
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20. End End Show Acknowledgements
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