1. Bibliographic Writing Formats
Introduction to
Citations
and
Bibliographic Writing Formats

3. Big 6 Step #4
Information Seeking Strategies
One of the main functions of doing research is to study what others have published to help you critically think and form your own opinions.
When you quote people -- or even when you summarize or paraphrase information found in books, articles or Web pages -- you must acknowledge the original author.

4. If you do not, it is Plagiarism.

5. Plagiarism is stealing other people’s ideas and words, their thoughts, designs, etc, and passing them off as your own.

6. Plagiarism includes copying text or pictures
from Web pages or other sources
and pasting it into your paper
without identifying the original
author.

7. How Can You Avoid Plagiarism?
Take clear, accurate notes about where you
found specific ideas. (note cards, note paper,etc)
Use quotation marks when directly stating
another person's words.
Interpret (Write, summarize, in your own words.)
Always credit original authors /artists for their
information and ideas.
Write down the complete citation information for
each item you use on a labeled separate page. (Works Cited Page/Bibliography)

8. Citing Your Sources. To cite simply means to list.
Sources are those documents you used to retrieve your information such as”
Books, magazines, newspapers, web articles, web sites, pictures, primary documents, interviewees, etc.

9. Citing Sources
Psst. Here’s where I got my information.

10. (Citing a source) means giving credit to the authors and sources you used to write your paper.

11. Bibliography or Works Cited Page
The page where you write down every source you used to make your report, paper or project is called a
Bibliography or Works Cited Page
and
It is generally the last page of your report.
A completed Work Cited Page looks like this.

12. Your completed page should look like this: Title Alphabetical order
Double space between citations
2nd line of each
citation indented.

13. Your completed page
should look like this:
Title
Alphabetical
order
Double spaced
2nd line of each
citation indented.

14. Citing Sources
It can be difficult to figure out what needs to be cited (credited).

15. What Do I Cite? You should cite: books, music, articles, graphs,
pictures,
charts,
Illustrations,
tables,
web sites,
primary documents,
music,
graphs,
quotations,
statistics.

16. NO You do NOT cite search engines.
(ex. Google, Yahoo, Bing, MSN, etc.)

17. There are many written formats of citing sources, however, the most common and frequently used are:
The MLA format (Modern Language Association)
The APA format (American Psychological Association)
The Chicago format (Univ. of Chicago)
The written format of all citations are very specific.
Words, order and punctuation are very, very important.

18. Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of Book.
MLA format
For Books ( one author)
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of Book.
City of Publication: Name of Publisher, Date of Publication.
Example:
Fradin, Dennis. The Adventures of Polar Bears.
New York: Prentice Hall Publishers, 2005.
Italics can be used in the
place of the “underline” if typed.

19. MLA format For print encyclopedias:
Author’s last name, Author’s first name. “Title of article”.
Name of Encyclopedia. Vol #. City of Publication: Name
of Publisher, Date.
Example:
White, Joseph. “Richard E. Byrd” World Book. Vol 5 .
Chicago: World Book Publishing, 2008.

20. MLA format For computer sources:
Company/author’s last name, Company/Author’s first name.“Title of webpage”.
Name of website. Institution or Organization. Date of Access or update.
<Web Address>
Example:
Montague, Richard. "Richard Evelyn Byrd". Wikipedia.
Wikimedia Foundation Inc.11/20/2009.<

21. MLA format For Pictures
Artist, if available. “Description or title of image.” Date of image.
Type of image Title of larger site, book, or magazine.
Date of download. <URL>
Smith, Greg. “Rhesus Monkey”. No date. Online image.
Monkey Picture Gallery. 3 May 2009.
<

22. A Guide just for you.
Pay close attention to
layout, format,
and
punctuation

23. Note Quotation marks
and underlines.
URL means web address.

24. Before you
Forget
Take citation
notes

25. Before you
Forget
Take citation
notes

26. Duuuuh! I don’t have a clue.
Some common citation generators for the Duh, duhs.
Citation Wizard
Citefast.com
Knightcite Citation Service

27. Do not become too dependent on these generators.
Learn to do this yourself.
You will not have a generator to use on a test, like the SAT, ACT, and others.