1. Medieval Europe

2. Points to the Middle Ages:
Major questions about the Middle Ages (according to the regents) deal with:
1) Feudalism (weak central gov’t)
2) Rise and power of Catholic Church
3) The Crusades and the increase in trade

3. The Good and the Bad

4. Results of the Fall of Rome
Germanic invasions lead to fall of Roman Empire which also led to:

5. 1) Breakdown of trade
Fear of bandits and without someone to “police” people stopped trading
No more Roman army to keep people safe
Less money,= Less power,= more isolation

6. 2) Cities destroyed

7. 3) Population Shift
People move out of “center” of Civilization and begin moving to North and Countryside

8. 4) Learning decreased
a. Germanic invaders were not educated leaving only priest and other high officials educated
b. People could not read ancient texts of Greeks or Romans (culture lost)

9. 5) Loss of common language
a. Germanic people spoke different language leading to Latin changing in to different dialects such as Spanish and French
b. DIFFERENT LANGUAGES SEPARATE PEOPLE

10. After the Fall of Rome, many people went searching for stability in everyday life,
Where do people search for stability?
- Individually
- Society

11. 6) THE CHURCH!!!!!!
Increase in power of The Roman Catholic Church !

12. Life began to surround itself around the Church
With no central government Catholic Church becomes a central authority
People begin to behave according to the rules of Christian religion
Ex: Going to church every Sunday, celebrating religious holidays, following teachings of the bible
Clergy become very influential people both religiously and politically

13. Education Roman Catholic Church became source of education for many
Priests often most educated people in medieval towns
Leads to increase in influence of the Church

14. The Arts Gothic Architecture Flying Buttresses Stained Glass
Mostly church related
Gothic Architecture
Flying Buttresses
Stained Glass
Flying Butress

15. THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH Age of Faith: Gothic Architecture
Economy: Monasteries and churches often had their own lands and produced food and wine with the help of the peasants.

16. Tithe Tax by the Church, each person must give 1/10 income to Church
Another example of RCC increase in power.

17. This left Europe weak for many years until…
Life became chaos
Nothing was stable

18. Charlemagne (Charles the Great)
united Europe 771 ad
-created greatest empire since Ancient Rom
-Frank (German) King, 6’4
-Spread Christianity
-Pope crowned him Emperor signifying alliance between Germans, Church, and former Roman Empire
Created Holy Roman Empire
1st Reich
Died in 814

20. So what happened after Charlemagne?

21. WEAK RULERS Divided Empire amongst sons…too weak
Rulers that followed Charlemagne were weak and empire would be divided in 3 parts
-This lack of strong leadership lead to Feudalism in Europe
Nobles often fought over power with one another
Viking invasions also helped weaken rulers and villages

22. Political Systems of the Middle Ages
Feudalism=People’s answer to problem of safety
Remember Feudalism is the political term Manor system or manorialism is the economic term for this system

23. Without a strong central body of power keeping peace, people searched for security
Feudalism
King Lord Knight Peasant

24. OATH OF FEALTY
VASSALS (lesser lords and knights) pledged their loyalty.
THE BASIS OF MEDIEVAL ECONOMY WAS THE FIEF, OR PARCEL OF LAND GIVEN AFTER AN OATH OF LOYALTY IN EXCHANGE FOR SERVICES.

25. FEUDALISM Kings were Relatively Weak Decentralized political system
LORDS, LAND, AND LOYALTY
Isolated, Self-Sufficient Manors
Lords and Nobles control the domain or fief
Oaths of Fealty to one’s liege lord
Land was the basis of wealth
Protection was exchanged for loyalty and land

27. SERFS AND SERFDOM
Serfs were tied to the land. They could not leave, marry, etc. without the lord’s permission.
A serf was at the bottom of the manor system.
They worked the lord’s land, and often the church estates, and then could tend their own small plot of land they received in exchange for these services.
SERFS ALSO GOT PROTECTION !
LABOR!!
LAND!

28. Feudal Society

29. Economics: MANORIALISM
AGRARIAN TRADITIONAL ECONOMY

30. AGRARIAN MANORIALISM
A SELF-SUFFICIENT ECONOMY
BASED ON AGRICULTURE

31. THE MANOR HOUSE
THE LORD’S HOUSE WAS THE BIGGEST ONE BUT OFTEN NOT VERY SANITARY. IF HE LIVED IN A CASTLE, IT WAS COLD AND DAMP. THE LORD HAD CONTROL OF ALL OF THOSE IN HIS DESMESNE (domain). THEY WORKED OR PROVIDE MILITARY SERVICES FOR HIM. HE PROTECTED THEM IN HIS CASTLE IN TIMES OF DANGER.

32. THE MANOR SYSTEM
ANYTHING NOT PRODUCED ON THE LORD’S MANOR COULD BE BARTERED.
MONEY WAS RARELY USED AFTER ROME’S EMPIRE COLLAPSED.

33. MEDIEVAL FARM TOOLS
THE AX
THE RAKE
THE FLAIL

34. LONG HANDLED SCYTHE AND THE SICKLE
MEDIEVAL FARM TOOLS
LONG HANDLED SCYTHE AND THE SICKLE

35. MEDIEVAL FARM TOOLS
HAYMAKING FORK AND SPADE

36. THE 3 FIELD SYSTEM Gray - Woodlands; the building blocks of the manor.
Green - The 3 Fields; crops were rotated each season on land owned by the Lord and worked by the serfs.
Purple - The Lord's house, land and pond.
Burnt Orange - The villager's homes.
Yellow - Small plots of land serfs could work themselves for their own benefit.
Blue - the stream used by all.

37. THE PLOUGH (PLOW)
In the Middle Ages, three inventions would help increase food production:

38. HORSE HARNESS
The Ox was a slow animal, but the ox harness was lethal to the horse. Once a new harness was designed, “horse power” was used.

39. WINDMILL
WATERMILLS KEPT PEASANTS NEAR RIVERS. BUT THE WINDMILL EXPANDED WHERE GRAIN COULD BE GROUND.

40. What do these inventions mean
Increase food production
Increase population
Less people needed to farm

41. KNIGHTS

42. Knights Soldiers of the Middle Ages
For a Fief, would pledge loyalty to defend Lords/Kings lands

43. MEDIEVAL TOURNAMENT Soldiers mounted on horseback
Protect nobles or kings possessions
IN THE LATER MIDDLE AGES, THERE WERE FEWER INVADERS SO KNIGHTS WOULD FIGHT IN ENTERTAINMENT CALLED TOURNAMENTS.
CHIVALRY WAS THE IDEAL CODE OF HONOR THAT A KNIGHT SHOULD FIGHT, LIVE, AND DIE BY.

44. Code of Chivalry Moral/ethical code of the knights
Behaviors of what is right/wrong

45. Tournaments:
when knights were not at war.
- Jousting
- sword fighting

46. MEDIEVAL WEAPONS
LONG BOW
CROSS BOW
SWORD
Trebuchet

47. Medieval Women Role of Women in Feudal society - little or no power
- could inherit land
- home activities or convent

48. Rise of the Guild System:
-people, especially the poor, without education were unsure of how to better their lives.

49. Guilds
Guild system – organization of individuals in the same business or occupation working together to improve economic and social conditions
Apprentice
journeyman.
Master

50. Middle Age living conditions
Small damp homes
Dirt Floors
2 or 3 baths a year
Garbage in streets
Fecal matter in streets
Dead bodies
Very few had hot water

51. Wars
Numerous Wars (Hundred Years war between France and Britain and pillaging by Vikings and barbarians of lands)

52. Hundred Years War:
England vs. France
-Fought over who was heir to French throne when King died
-English ruler Edward III believed it was him because he was the grandson of Philip IV of France
Famous people: Joan of Arc
- France eventually gets England off soil
Increase nationalistic feelings VS

53. Black Death
Also known as the Bubonic Plague People thought the apocalypse was coming
people were scared that God was punishing them

54. Black Death 1/3 of Europe’s population gone Workers decrease
Productivity decrease
Trade decrease

55. Middle Ages: Good or bad
3 field system
Horse harness
Iron Plow
Guild System
Chivalry
Results of Crusades
Commercial Revolution
Bad
Feudalism
Education
Living Conditions
War (100 years war, Crusades
Disease  black death
Life of a serf