1. “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.” ~Mao Tse-Tung
“Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.” ~Mao Tse-Tung

2. Communists Triumph in China
1. Whose side did the Chinese fight in during WWII?
The Allies
2. Why were Chinese cities devastated during WWII?
Japan had occupied China during the war its civilian death toll was in the millions

3. Civil War in China
3. Why did the Nationalists and Communists temporarily unite during WWII?
To fight against the Japanese invasion

4. Internal Struggles 4. Who was the Communist leader in China?
Mao Zedong
5. How did the Communists gain peasant loyalty?
By teaching literacy and improve food production
6. Who led the Nationalist forces in China?
Jiang Jieshi
7. How did the US aid the Nationalists between 1942 to 45?
Gave 1.5 billion dollars in money and supplies to the Nationalists to fight the Japanese
8. What did the Nationalists do with the supplies?
They went to corrupt officials, and were saved to fight the Communist Red Army at the end of WWII.

5. Involvement of the United States
9. Why were the Nationalists successful in the beginning of the renewed civil war?
They outnumbered the Communists 3 to 1, and were given an additional $ 2 billion more in aid.
10. How were the communist troops trained and why were they encouraged to fight?
Trained in guerrilla warfare and were enthusiastic about Mao’s promised return of land to the peasants.
11. What did Mao rename China?
The People’s Republic of China
12. Where did the Nationalist leaders retreat to?
Taiwan aka Formosa
13. How were US anti-communist feelings fueled?
By Mao’s victory and signing a peace pact with the Soviets
14. How did many Americans view the takeover of China?
Another step in a Communist campaign to conquer the world.

6. Two Chinas and the Cold War
15. What were the two Chinese Nations and where were they located?
Nationalist China in Taiwan with an area of 13,000 square miles and the People’s Republic of China on the mainland with an area of more than 3.5 million square miles.

7. The Superpowers React 16. Who did the US support? The Nationalists
17. Who did the SU support?
The Communists
18. How did the US try to increase its sphere of influence?
Limited Soviet occupation of Japan and divided Korea into Soviet supported Communist north and a US supported south.

8. Communist China Continues to Expand
19. Where did Mao’s troops expand in the early years of his reign?
Inner Mongolia, Tibet, and India
20. Who did Tibetans follow?
The Dalai Lama
21. Where did Tibetan refugees flee to?
India
22. Describe Mao’s attitude towards neighboring countries:
Aggressive, invading neighboring countries, not respecting borders or human rights.

9. Transformation and Revolution
23. What did the Communists claim to have and what was its purpose?
A “Mandate from Heaven” to restore China as a powerful nation.

10. Transformation Under Mao Zedong
24. How did Mao set up control in China?
He set up the Communist Party and the nationalist government. He ruled as both chairman of the party and head of state.

11. Mao’s Marxist Socialism
25. How did the Agrarian Reform Law of 1950 change land holdings in China?
Mao seized the holdings of the landlords and divided them among the peasants. Over a million landlords were killed for resisting the policy.
26. How did the role of women change in China starting in 1953?
Women were made fully equal in the home and workplace, and state sponsored childcare was instituted.
27. Was Mao’s five year plan successful? give examples why or why not.
Yes, increases in production, equality for women, brought China into the modern age.

12. Mao’s Communes 28. What was the “Great Leap Forward”
A program to continue China’s successful growth, by placing more peasants in communes.
29. Describe life in the Communes:
Workers were strictly controlled, no private ownership, no incentive to work because only the state profited from their labor.
30. Was the Great Leap Forward successful? give examples why or why not
NO, it was poorly planned and inefficient, crop failures led to famine which killed 20 million people

13. New Policies and Mao’s Responses
31. What changes took place in the late 1950’s to mid the 1960’s?
Friendship between the Soviet Union and China began to fade, movement from strict socialist ideas to more capitalistic ideas, Mao reduced his role in government.
32. How did Mao respond to the changes?
launched a new campaign by urging young people to “learn revolution by making revolution” the Red Guard was formed.

14. The Cultural Revolution
33. What was the goal of the Cultural Revolution?
Establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal
34. Who was the hero of the revolution?
The peasant who worked with his hands
35. What role did the Red Guards play in the Revolution?
Thugs, shut down colleges, lashed out at anyone who seemed to have special privileges or who resisted their regime.
36. Why did the Cultural Revolution fail?
Widespread Chaos that shut down factories and threatened farm production

15. Cold War China
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Part 2
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Part 4
Part 5