1. Understanding the nature of matter -
Using GRIDS to compute from the smallest
to the largest scales

3. PARTICLE PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY RESEARCH COUNCIL
UK Agency for the support of:
High Energy Physics - the nature of matter and mass
Particle Astrophysics - laws from natural phenomena
Astronomy - the nature and origin of the Universe
Solar System - the nature of the Sun and its planets
Science
GRIDs for Science

4. We are “fairly sure” that there is a lot of stuff in the Universe which we don’t know about - School Talk, 2001
Now things have got much clearer: we are now much more certain that we know absolutely nothing about most of the Universe - School Talk, 2003

5. Cosmic Pie Heavy Elements: 0.03% Neutrinos: 0.47% Stars: 0.5% Free H4%
Dark Matter:
25%
Dark Energy:
70%
Source of slide: Kolb

8. Virtual Observatories
Observations made across entire electromagnetic spectrum
DSS Optical
2MASS 2m
IRAS 100m
GB 6cm
NVSS 20cm
WENSS 92cm
ROSAT ~keV
IRAS 25m
See AstroGrid Talks by Nic Walton (wed) Guy Rixon (thurs)
Different views of a local galaxy Need all of them to understand physics fully Databases are located throughout the world

9. Particle
Physics
Astronomy
&
Astro-
Physics

10. Mechanism of explaining the mass of matter still awaits a crucial verification: discovery of the “HIGGS” particle
There are many possible explanations of “dark matter” based upon undiscovered particles

11. Super Symmetric Particles?
HIGGS
Super Symmetric Particles
1. Take matter and anti-matter
2. Accelerate and collide
3. annihilate to produce energy
4. new particles are made from the energy

12. CERN Large Hadron Collider
The world’s most powerful particle accelerator
Due to turn on in 2007
Will collide protons at 7 Tera Electon Volts….

13. 4 LHC Experiments ATLAS CMS LHCb ALICE
general purpose: origin of mass, supersymmetry, micro-black holes
2,000 scientists from 34 countries
CMS
general prupose detector
muon tracking, electromagnetic calorimeter, central tracking and hadron calorimeter
LHCb
to study the differences between matter and antimatter
producing over 100 million b and b-bar mesons each year
ALICE
heavy ion collisions, to create quark-gluon plasmas
50,000 particles in each collision

14. ... Proton collisions produce a lot of debris ....
(or anti-proton)

15. The LHC Data Challenge Each event is complicated: Typical Selectivity:
1 in 1011
Like looking for 1 person in a ten world populations
Or for a needle in 200,000 haystacks!

16. HPSS HPSS HPSS HPSS HPSS HPSS ~10-100 Gbps ~10 Gbps ~PByte/sec
~20 PBytes/year
Online System
CERN
Experiment
GEANT Network
~ Gbps
…others
HPSS
USA Centers
HPSS
Italy Center
HPSS
Germany Center
HPSS
France Center
HPSS
UK Centre
HPSS
National Network
~10 Gbps
~1-10 Gbps
Tier2 Center
Tier2 Center
Tier2 Center
Tier2 Center
Tier2 Center
Institute
Institute
Institute
Institute

17. The GridPP Project
19 UK Universities, CCLRC (RAL & Daresbury) and CERN
Funded by the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC)
GridPP £17m "From Web to Grid"
GridPP £15m "From Prototype to Production"

18. LHC Computing Grid Project (LCG)
Manpower
Management Travel etc
UK Tier-1/A Regional Centre Hardware
Middleware, Security and Networking Manpower
UK Tier-1/A Manpower
Grid Application Development LHC and US Experiments + Lattice QCD, Phenomenology and Generic Portal
UK Tier-2 Regional Centres Manpower

19. Middleware Development
Network Monitoring
Configuration Management
Grid Data Management
Storage Interfaces
Information Services
Security

20. Application Development
ARDA
BaBar
GANGA
Lattice QCD
SAMGrid
CMS

21. Deployment : UK Tier-1@ RAL
High quality data services
National and International Role
UK focus for International Grid development
700 Dual CPU
80 TB Disk
60 TB Tape (Capacity 1PB)
Grid Operations Centre

22. Deployment: UK Tier-2 Centres
ScotGrid
Durham, Edinburgh, Glasgow NorthGrid
Daresbury, Lancaster, Liverpool,
Manchester, Sheffield
SouthGrid
Birmingham, Bristol, Cambridge,
Oxford, RAL PPD, Warwick
LondonGrid
Brunel, Imperial, QMUL, RHUL, UCL
Mostly funded by HEFCE

23. …please see the demo…..

24. Further Info