1. Water safety planning
Assessment and management strategies to reduce risks of contamination and insufficient supply of drinking water
Chemicals
Excrement
Catch-
ment
Treat-
Distribution
Particles
Solutes
Microbes
Accident
Sabotage
Illegal
Connection
Backflow
Cross-connections
Animals, birds
in reservoir

2. Water use efficiency Part of WSSD target for 2005
Water supply has a cost – how to make sure that you make sure that you get the most out of what you pay
Strategic planning to maximize the economic and social welfare derived from water
Supply vs. demand – is it more cost-effective to invest in increased supply or to encourage decreased demand?

3. Water use efficiency Technical efficiency
User efficiency (behavioral change though incentives or sanctions - “demand management”)
Water recycling and reuse
Supply efficiency
Allocative efficiency
Strategic allocation of water to most cost-effective use
Balancing social, environmental and economic demand
Cost-benefit analysis

4. Water use efficiency planning
Reducing vulnerability and mitigating conflict by planning to meet current and changing demands in a cost-effective manner
Example of plan contents:
Description of service area and demographics /water supply sources and vulnerability
Water transfers/exchanges
Existing and projected water use
Water efficiency goals (goals and opportunities for increasing water-use efficiency)
Evaluation of alternative demand management measures - based on:
Existing measures and potential to “step up”
Economic, environmental, social, health, customer impact and technological factors
Cost-benefit analysis
Funding available for implementation (raised tariffs tolerated?)
The water supplier's legal authority to implement the measures
Detailed water shortage contingency analysis and drought/emergency action plan (including implementing legislation)
Recommended long-term efficiency plan
Implementation plan