1. Post-Mao China

2. Who Was Deng Xiapoing?

3. Man of the Year 1980: Deng Xiaoping became the leader of China
New focus: economic not political concerns

4. Deng: “less empty talk and more hard work”
Four Modernizations
Agriculture
Industry
Science
Defense
Praise for scientists and intellectuals vs. peasants
Peasants allowed to sell crops from their land
Special economic zones created to create more trade and development.

5. Deng’s Ten Year Plan (way better than Mao’s Five Year Plans)
Driven by incentives and catching up: FOUR MODERNIZATIONS
Military:
Modernize technology
Science and Technology:
Reform education, send students overseas
Industry:
Heavy industry, SOE’s, limited autonomy
Agriculture:
Mechanize, Household Responsibility System
Deng’s policies more practical and responsive to the economic times
Willing to alter Communist ideologies for what’s best for the country

6. The Open-Door Policy Work hard to join the world
Welcome international trade & foreign direct Investment
China entered the WTO in 2001
China’s tariffs dropped to 6% from an average of 41% in five years
Study abroad

7. Special Economic Zones
An “open door policy” announced 1979
Four “Special Economic Zones” were created with
Tax incentives
Foreign exchange provisions
Lack of regulations
Markets function!

8. Special Economic Zones
Special tax incentive for foreign investment in the SEZs
Greater independence is provided for International trade activities
Products are primarily export oriented
Market driven economic activity
Attracts and utilizes foreign capital
Means to China’s booming manufacturing industry flowing through these zones
Locations
Guangdong Province, Fujian Province, Hainan Province, Hunchun, Pudong Development Zone (Shanghai)

9. The Result: an Example
Shenzhen, a small border town, changed into a modern city
Per capita GDP was 7 times the nation’s average
Foreign investment and exports have been the primary engines of economic growth

10. Shenzhen: The Early 1970s
Shenzhen: Today

11. An Economic Miracle
China’s economy has grown at about 8% yearly per person for the last 30 years—about a tenfold increase in output per person.
By some measures, China now has the second-largest economy in the world.
When Deng became leader, over half China’s population was poor by global standard. Now the figure stands at 10% or less.
At the same time, there are about 28 Chinese billionaires today.

12. Tiananmen Square

13. Tiananmen Square People wanted political reform
1978, people began to criticize the gov’t
1986 arrested key leaders
April 1989, students held a demonstration in Beijing.

14. Tiananmen Square Gov’t officials refused to talk to students
Demonstrations continued
Martial law was imposed - citizens helped students

16. Tiananmen Square June 3, 1989, army began to use force
Red Army moved in (700 –3,000 deaths)
No democratic reforms occurred

17. One Child Policy

18. Success or Failure? One Child Policy 1979
1980 China has 1 billion people
Began as a temporary measure but lasts to today and will continue (reassessment in 2010)
Has been limited to urban populations
Fines, pressures to abort a pregnancy, and forced sterilization accompanied second or subsequent pregnancies

20. Effects of One Child Policy
Caused a disdain for female babies
abortion, neglect, abandonment, and even infanticide
114 males for every 100 females (world average is 105:100)
“Little Emperor Syndrome” of spoiled only children
Estimated to have lowered the population by 300 million
80’s generation now of childbearing age and are allowed to have two per couple (if you don’t have siblings)