1. Why study GRAMMAR?

2. What Is GRAMMAR? Grammar is the system of a language.
Grammar is simply a reflection of a language at a particular time.
Think of grammar as something that can help you, like a friend.
You can use grammar like a signpost or a map in finding the way.

3. Why study GRAMMAR? GREAT GRAMMAR leads to:
your being a better listener, speaker, reader, writer and communicator.
better relationships and job prospects.
logic and reasoning in communication skills.
your own writing style.

4. Why study GRAMMAR? GREAT GRAMMAR leads to:
your being a better listener, speaker, reader, writer and communicator.
better relationships and job prospects.
logic and reasoning in communication skills.
your own writing style.

5. English grammar is the science which treats of the nature of words, their forms, and their uses and relations in the sentence.
It makes rules to tell us how to use words.
It is a record of usage which we ought to follow.
It is concerned with the forms of the language.
Grammar teaches the laws of language, and the right method of using it in speaking and writing. – Patterson

6. Nine Parts of Speech Articles Interjections Nouns Verbs Pronouns
Adjectives
Adverbs
Prepositions
Conjunctions

7. The Verb
A word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement
“be” verbs
&
taste
feel
sound
look
appear
become
seem
grow
remain
stay
Subject
Linking
Action
predicate

8. Every sentence must have
VERB a

9. Action verbs express mental or physical action.
Kinds of Verbs
Action verbs express mental or physical action.
Linking verbs make a statement by connecting the subject with a word that describes or explains it.
He rode the horse to victory.
He has been sick.

10. The importance for correct VERB TENSE
Clear and easy to understand
Consistency
To express the event with proper verb tenses

11. The VERB has characteristics of:
TENSE
MOOD
VOICE
ASPECT
Tense is a method that we use in English to refer to time - past, present and future.
tense (noun): a form of a verb used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation or completeness, of an action in relation to the time of speaking. (From Latin tempus = time).

12. There are three times that can be indicated by verb tenses in English:
present
past
future
There are three “aspects” that can be expressed:
simple (indefinite)
perfect (completion – before the time of focus)
progressive (or continuous) (duration – in progress at the time of focus)

13. NOW
PAST
FUTURE

14. The Twelve Traditional Tenses

15. The Twelve Traditional Tenses

17. Present SIMPLE (Indefinite)
It is used to signal the following meanings:
Habitual actions in the present.
He walks to class every day.
General timeless truths.
Water freezes at 0 degrees centigrade.
The Earth is round.
Sensory or mental perception in the present.
I see a sign in the corner.
I know that Charlotte is a teacher.
Narrative present
Marc hits the ball and falls over.
Schedule, timetable
Classes begin at 9.
Sense verbs (hear, see, sound, taste, feel)
The skunk smells bad

18. Present SIMPLE (Indefinite)
It is used to signal the following meanings:
always every day/week/year
most of the time
usually
sometimes
often
half of the time
frequently
occasionally
rarely
seldom
hardly ever
never (forever)

20. Past SIMPLE (Indefinite)
It is used to signal the following meanings:
A definite completed action in the past.
He flew to the UK on Saturday.
Habitual action in the past.
Chris jogged to work every day last year.
A situation that applied in the past with the implication that it no longer applies in the present.
Professor Walker lectured at Keele for 30 years.
EXPRESSION OF TIME!!!

21. Past SIMPLE (Indefinite)
It is used to signal the following meanings:
Yesterday
Last …
… ago
Last year/month/week
In 1990

23. Present Progressive (Continuous)
It is used to signal the following meanings:
Action in progress at the moment of speaking
They are eating their lunch now.
A temporary present occupation or activity
She is studying at Keele University now.
Repetition in a series of similar ongoing actions
Skippy is pushing the football around the garden.
Complaints about bad habits
She is always grumbling.
Planned action in the nearest future
We are meeting our friends tomorrow.
Situations which are changing or developing around the present
Computers are becoming more and more important.

24. Present Progressive at present moment at 5 o’clock a.m. presently
for now
currently
right now
this month
this semester
this year
just now
as we speak
for a little while

26. Past Progressive (Continuous)
It is used to signal the following meanings:
Action in progress at exact time
I was sleeping when he came.
While I was eating the telephone rang.
The actions in progress simultaneously
While I was studying, she was watching TV.
Description in narrative
I looked out of the window. The sun was shining brightly..
(Always) repeated actions-criticism
When a child she was always loosing things.

28. Present Perfect The present perfect is used when:
the time period has not finished
I have seen three movies this week. (This week has not finished yet.)
the time is not mentioned
(new information, life experience, the action in the past):
Gerry has failed his exam again.
I’ve cut my finger
the time is recent:
Ikuko has just arrived in Victoria.
with for and since.
Greg has lived here for 20 years. Greg has lived here since 1978.

29. Present Perfect a number of times repeatedly several times often
for (quantity of time)
over (quantity of time)
since, ever since (specific date or time)
so far
up to now
until now
to date
just
recently
not long ago
already
yet
until this moment
since noon (exact time)
since this morning
since July 2003
since yesterday
since the 1900s
ever since I met you
this morning  (hours ongoing)
this week (days ongoing)
this year  (days ongoing)
this decade  (years ongoing)
this century (years ongoing)
for two minutes (quantity)
for an hour
for three days
over the past 3 years
in my life (current)
in these times (current)

37. THANK YOU for Attention