1. Describe the event in the photos above and to the right.

2. Renaissance and Reformation
World History

3. Interactive Notebook Table of Contents
Today’s Date
Italian Renaissance
Page # (Your next available page)

4. Objective
Given primary and secondary sources, the student will demonstrate knowledge of the new principles of the Renaissance by correctly filling out an organizer
Given a primary source the student will demonstrate understanding of Machiavelli’s The Prince by correctly answering analytical questions.
Glencoe World History text pages:

5. The Italian Renaissance 1350-1550
Glossary words plus one note per paragraph, your own words
Read: page 398
Then, page 399
Then, page 400

6. Page 398
The Italian Renaissance was period of rebirth of the ancient world that eventually spread to the rest of Europe.
In the urban centers of powerful Italian city- states, secularism, an appreciation of worldly things, flourished.
Recovery from the disasters of earlier times meant a rebirth of culture: the Roman past and the ancient Mediterranean world.

7. Page 398
The era emphasized a new view of human potential where individual ability was valued, human worth was defined as being able to do many things well.

8. Page 399
The benefits of the Renaissance were primarily limited to the upper classes although ordinary people shared somewhat in the artistic and architectural achievements.
Powerful Italian city-states controlled the country in place of a monarchy (an all powerful king.)

9. The Italian City-States, p. 400
The Italian city-states had profited greatly from the re-opening of Asian trade routes during the Crusades
Milan was one of the most successful city states for trade.
Mercenaries led by strong families further increased Milan’s power
Wealthy families brought Venice to prominence as a city state as well.
Students will need to understand: “monarchy.” Also, show slide or have students find map page 399-city states

10. The Italian City-States, p. 400, cont 1.
Florence was a war-like Italian city state that rivaled Venice and Milan.
The Medici's were the dominant family in Florence where they emphasized the arts.
When their city went into economic decline, Florentines found a new ruler in Girolama Savonarola
Florentines then revolted against Savanarola and returned the Medici's to power.
Attracted by the riches, Spain and France battled the Italian city states for power.
Students will need to understand: “monarchy.” Also, show slide or have students find map page 399-city states

11. The Italian City-States, p. 400, cont 2.
In 1527 Spanish troops revolted against their leaders for nonpayment of wages.
The leaders allowed the troops to destroy and rob from Rome as payment beginning dominance of the city by the Spanish.
Students will need to understand: “monarchy.” Also, show slide or have students find map page 399-city states

12. The Italian City-States
Through the Middle Ages, Italy had not developed a strong central monarchy
This made it possible for a number of city-states in northern and central Italy to remain independent
Three of them – Milan, Venice and Florence expanded and played crucial roles in Italian politics
The Italian city-states had profited greatly from the re-opening of Asian trade routes during the Crusades
The Italian city-states established outposts in the east which traded in Asian silk, spices and sugar
All three of these cities became phenomenally wealthy from this trade
The wealthy in these cities were the main purchasers of the new art which the Renaissance produced
Students will need to understand: “monarchy.” Also, show slide or have students find map page 399-city states

13. The Italian Renaissance
The word renaissance means “_______”
The people of the time believed they were going through a rebirth of the Greek and _______ classical world
What are the most important characteristics of the ________________?
First, Renaissance Italy was an _______ society: powerful city-states were the center of social, political and economic life
Second, a new viewpoint emerged which was more _______ and enjoyed the material world more
Third, the Renaissance was a period of _______ from the disasters of the 14th century – _______, famine and war
Fourth, a new view of human beings emerged which emphasized _______ ability
Students will need to understand: “secular, political, city state” (defs) Also, “individual ability”—remember the feudalism simulation? no individual ability
rebirth, death, life, French, Latin, agrarian, familial, spiritual, secular, Ebola, plague, sickness, group, community, individual, inspirational, urban, recovery, Renaissance, plague, Church

14. The Italian Renaissance
The word renaissance means “rebirth”
The people of the time believed they were going through a rebirth of the Greek and Latin classical world
What are the most important characteristics of the Renaissance?
First, Renaissance Italy was an urban society – powerful city-states were the center of social, political and economic life
Second, a new viewpoint emerged which was more secular and enjoyed the material world more
Third, the Renaissance was a period of recovery from the disasters of the 14th century – plague, famine and war
Fourth, a new view of human beings emerged which emphasized individual ability
Students will need to understand: “secular, political, city state” (defs) Also, “individual ability”—remember the feudalism simulation? no individual ability

15. What happens when people love you—how do they relate to you
What happens when people love you—how do they relate to you? What if you’re their superior as well?
What happens when people fear you—how do they relate to you? What if you need their cooperation?

16. “Is it better to be loved or feared in life?”
Choose only one or the other and give your reasons to your group. What examples do you have to support your reasons?

17. Machiavelli on Power Read page 401 in the text.
Chrsitianity of princes—rulers following an internal of understanding about how to be powerful with their subjects based on the precepts of the Church such as: (do unto others________)

18. Machiavelli on Power
No one expressed the __________ obsession with political power better than Niccolo Machiavelli in The Prince
It is one of the most __________books in Western Civilization
The main theme is how to acquire and _________ political power
Previously, writers on power had stressed the _________ of princes – Machiavelli rejected this
He believed that __________ had little to do with power or politics
A prince’s attitude must be based on the assumption that human beings are self-centered and ________
A ________ prince acted for the state and let his conscience sleep
Chrsitianity of princes—rulers following an internal of understanding about how to be powerful with their subjects based on the precepts of the Church such as: (do unto others________)
Italian influential Christianity morality selfish thrifty conscience head bad good French lose keep

19. Machiavelli on Power
No one expressed the Italian obsession with political power better than Niccolo Machiavelli in The Prince
It is one of the most influential books in Western Civilization
The main theme is how to acquire and keep political power
Previously, writers on power had stressed the Christianity of princes – Machiavelli rejected this
He believed that morality had little to do with power or politics
A prince’s attitude must be based on the assumption that human beings are self-centered and selfish
A good prince acted for the state and let his conscience sleep
Chrsitianity of princes—rulers following an internal of understanding about how to be powerful with their subjects based on the precepts of the Church such as: (do unto others________)
Italian influential Christianity morality selfish thrifty conscience head bad good French lose keep

20. Assignment
As you read about Machiavelli’s The Prince, use a web diagram like the one below to identify the major principles of Machiavelli’s The Prince. You may use your textbook pg. 401 to find the information you will need.
The Prince

21. Primary Source
Read the excerpt from Machiavelli’s The Prince, Chapter 17, “Concerning Cruelty and Clemency…”
Answer the questions in the back of the packet in complete sentences and with evidence, if applicable.

22. Closure On a half-slip of paper, answer the following question
How do you suppose the Church would respond to the ideas of the Prince? Explain.

23. Interactive Notebook Table of Contents
Today’s Date
Ideas and Art of the Renaissance
Page # (Your next available page)

24. Definition from Chap. 17, The Prince
Groups leave for lunch in the order of completion of the definitions.
All group members must be done.
You made choose to divide up the work but… all members must have a definition for all highlighted words.

25. Objective
Given primary and secondary sources, the student will demonstrate understanding of the ideas and art of the Renaissance by examining Renaissance literature and art by completing an organizer

26. Humanism
Secularism and the emphasis on the individual characterized the Renaissance
Humanism was based on the study of the classics – the literary works of ancient Greece and Rome
Humanists studied grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history – subjects that make up the humanities today
Humanists originally were supposed to live lives of solitude, rejecting family and civic life for one of contemplation
As time passed though, humanists became very interested in civic life, believing their intellectual pursuits were meant to benefit society
It is no accident that humanists served as secretaries and advisers in the Italian city-states and to princes and Popes.

27. Italian Renaissance Art – New Techniques in Painting
Renaissance artists sought to imitate nature
They wanted viewers to see the reality in their subjects
At the same time, artists were developing a new world view in which human beings were the center of all things
Frescoes by Masaccio were the first masterpieces of the early Renaissance
Frescoes are painted in wet plaster in water-based paints
Human figures in medieval paintings are flat but Masaccio’s figures have depth and come alive
By mastering the laws of perspective, Masaccio could create the illusion of three dimensions, leading to a new, realistic style
Later artists expanded on this by organizing outdoor space and light through geometry
They also sought to capture movement and human anatomy

28. Examples of Gothic Art

31. Realism & Expression Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio 1427
First nudes since classical times.

32. Perspective First use of linear perspective! Perspective! The Trinity
Masaccio
1427
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
First use of linear perspective!
What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

33. Perspective

34. Reconstruction of the temple of Jerusalem William of Tyre cir. 1460

35. The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)
Classicism
Greco-Roman influence.
Secularism.
Humanism.
Individualism  free standing figures.
Symmetry/Balance
The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)

36. Emphasis on Individualism
Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino
Piero della Francesca,

37. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures
The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate
Leonardo da Vinci
1469
The figure as architecture!

38. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges
Sfumato
color to
creates
depth,
volume
and form
Chiaroscuro
Contrast between
light and dark

39. Document-Based Questions
Open your book to page 408
Examine the paintings
In your notes, answer the following questions
How did the Renaissance style in Northern Europe differ from that of Italy?
How might the settings of each painting reveal differences in religious ideals between Northern Europe and Italy?

40. High Renaissance Masters
The final stage of the Italian Renaissance painting flourished between 1490 and 1520
Called the High Renaissance, the period is associated with Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael and Michelangelo
Leonardo mastered the art of realistic painting, even dissected human bodies to see how nature worked
Raphael was admired for his various madonnas – all of which achieved a high ideal of beauty
Michelangelo was an accomplished painter, sculptor and architect – fiercely driven to create, he worked with great passion and energy

41. 1. Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512
Artist
Sculptor
Architect
Scientist
Engineer
Inventor

42. Leonardo, the Artist The Virgin of the Rocks Leonardo da Vinci

43. Leonardo, the Artist: From hisNotebooks of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)

44. Most Famous Painting in the world?
La Gioconda
Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo

45. Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??

46. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 & Geometry

47. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
vertical
horizontal
Perspective!

48. 2. Michelangelo Buonorrati
1475 – 1564 (88 years old!)
He represented the body in three dimensions of sculpture.

49. David
Michelangelo Buonarotti
1504
Marble

51. What a difference a century makes!

52. The Sistine Chapel Details The Creation of the Heavens

53. The Sistine Chapel Details
Creation of Man

54. The Sistine Chapel Details
The Last Judgment

56. Portrait of the Artist with a Friend, 1518
3. Raffaello Sanzio ( )
Self-Portrait, 1506
Portrait of the Artist with a Friend, 1518

57. Betrothal of the Virgin
Perspective!
Betrothal of the Virgin
Raphael
1504

58. Raphael’s Canagiani Madonna, 1507

59. Raphael’s Madonnas (1)
Sistine Madonna
Cowpepper Madonna

60. Raphael’s Madonnas (2)
Madonna della Sedia
Alba Madonna

61. Let’s compare! This is Raphael’s piece “Madonna of the Goldfinch “ 1505-1506

62. Let’s compare! “Madonna with Child“ by unkown 13th Century

64. The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
Da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo

65. The School of Athens – Raphael, details
Plato: looks to the heavens [or the IDEAL realm].
Aristotle: looks to this earth [the here and now].

66. Averroes
Hypatia
Pythagoras

67. Zoroaster
Ptolemy
Euclid

68. Assignment
Summarize the accomplishments of Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. Use the chart below. You may use your textbook pp to find the information you will need.
Leonardo da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo