1. Population Growth... And Problems
IB SL

6. The Twentieth Century: The Demographic Century

7. WORLD POPULATION mid 2000 – 6.067 billion
grows by 81 million every year
220,000 each day
annual rate of growth 1.4 percent

8. ANNUAL RATE OF WORLD POPULATION GROWTH

12. LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH
‘The average number of years a person can expect to live if the age specific pattern of mortality which prevails at the time of their birth is maintained throughout their lifetime’.

15. FACTORS INVOLVED IN LEDC MORTALITY DECLINE
Personal
Education
Improved Nutrition
Lower Fertility
Health Interventions
Water Supply Improvement
Immunisation
Public Health Programs
Control of Infectious Disease

17. HIV/AIDS 20 million already died 45 million new infections by 2010
Now 4th leading cause of death
million deaths
million in Sub-Saharan
Africa

18. AFRICA Projected population in 2050 – 1 billion
350 million less than it would have been without HIV/AIDS

29. THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS
Food
Resource use
Environment Degradation

30. FOOD NEEDS REQUIRED IN 2050 Africa 3.14 times present Asia 1.69
Oceania 1.61
Europe 0.91

31. ARABLE LAND IN RELATION TO POPULATION
ha per person
ha per person
ha per person

32. CURRENT GLOBAL FOOD SITUATION
1 billion out of the 6 billion people in the world are farmers
3,800 calories per person per day (minimum 2,500)
If everyone adopted vegetarian diets and no food wasted, world would currently feed 10 billion people
However, 843 million people are hungry and malnourished

33. CAPACITY OF EARTH TO CONTINUE TO EXPAND FOOD PRODUCTION IS LIMITED BY:
Available Land
High Cost of Green Revolution
Degradation of Environment

36. World population is likely to stabilise at a population of around 9 billion in the second half of the century
Enough food can be produced to feed them if:
address environmental problems
agricultural technology continues to advance
stabilise population growth

40. LEDCs… Need to reduce population growth
Need to increase per capita consumption
Need to substitute renewable for non-renewable resources
Improve exploitation practices
11 million ha tropical forest lost
26 billion tons of topsoil lost
6 million ha new desert
160 million ha watershed damaged
Groundwater pollution and depletion
Degradation of immigration systems

41. MEDCs… Population growth already low
Need to reduce per capita consumption
Need to substitute renewable for non-renewable resources
Improve exploitation practices

42. Each Year… 11 million ha tropical forest lost
26 billion tons of topsoil lost
6 million ha new desert
160 million ha watershed damaged
Groundwater pollution and depletion
Degradation of immigration systems

43. Policies Needed in LDCs to Achieve Maximum Demographic Impact (Bongaarts 1994)
Reduce unwanted pregnancy (family planning programs)
Reduce demand for large families (investment in human development especially of women)
Slow down momentum of population growth (raising average age of childbearing and reducing family size)

46. CONCLUSION Room for optimism in global population trends
No room for complacency
Some danger signs
Must not see population as a silver bullet solution to environmental problems
There is a dire need for population policies at national and global levels
Such policy needs to consider environmental factors but also equity, economic wellbeing, social justice