1. Gradational Processes (breaking down of the lithosphere)
Weathering
- breaking down of rock into smaller components
--> mechanical or physical weathering
--> chemical weathering
--> biotic forces (roots, animals)
Mass Wasting - downslope movement of broken rock material due to gravity
--> various types based on size & speed
Erosion - more extensive and generally more distant removal of fragment rock material
--> localized effects like stream-bank erosion

2. Conceptual Water Budget
Hydrological Cycle

3. Soil Creep

4. Tree Affected by Soil Creep

5. Soil Creep (Mass Wasting)
Block Slide Diagram Forest Road 19, Oregon

6. Soil Creep (Mass Wasting)
Slump or Rotational Slide (left)
Slump, Panoche Hills, California (right)
Moosehide: Slide or Slump?

7. Soil Creep
The concrete columns in the hillside saved the roadbed but did not hold the soil. Plastic sheeting (foreground), meant to keep water out, was not maintained.

8. Fluvial System Zone 1: Drainage Basin or Watershed
* principal area from which runoff flows
* principal area from which dissolved solids and sediments are derived
Zone 2: Area of Transfer
* inflow of water roughly equals outflow
* assuming stability, influxes of dissolved solids roughly equals fluxes out
Zone 3: Area of Deposition
* discharge of water into larger streams or bodies
* influxes of dissolved solids roughly equals fluxes out
* alluvial-fan and alluvial-plain environments
* estuarine and deltaic environments
* costal environments

9. River’s: 1. Erode Abrasion: bedload wears away river bed
Image River’s Age and resulting features
River’s: 1. Erode
Abrasion: bedload wears away river bed
Attrition: pebbles strike each other
Corrasion: wearing of bed & banks by river’s load
Hydraulic action: wearing of bed & banks by weight of water
Chemical solution: dissolving of minerals
-->Erosion may be vertical or horizontal
---->Draw & label the creation of an Oxbow Lake
Image Waterfall, Interlocking spurs, Meander formation

10. River’s: 2. Transport TRACTION: drags bedload
SUSPENSION: of light sediments (eg. Silt)
SOLUTION: dissolved chemicals

11. River’s 3. Deposit Deposition is simply the laying down of sediments.
SLIDESHOW REVIEW OF RIVERS

12. Types of drainage systems (geomorphology)
Dendritic drainage system
Parallel drainage system
Trellis drainage system
Rectangular drainage system
Radial drainage system
Deranged drainage system
Images of drainage systems

13. Alluvial Fan
Alluvial fans are fan-shaped deposits of water-transported material (alluvium). They typically form at the base of topographic features where there is a marked break in slope.

14. Alluvial Fan - Death Valley, CA.

15. Two Alluvial Fans Joined Together

16. River Deltas
An accumulation of sediment at the mouth of a river extending beyond the trend of the adjacent coast is called a delta. Deltas vary greatly in both size and shape, but they all require that more sediment is deposited at the river mouth than can be carried away by coastal processes.

17. River Delta - Arcuate - Nile, Egypt
Herodotus the great historian used this term for the Nile river delta because the sediment deposit at its mouth had the shape of upper-case Greek letter Delta: Δ.

18. River Delta - Bird’s Foot or Digitate - Mississippii, LA
Generally composed of silt
From Latin for finger
Delta with long fingers of sediment reaching into the sea

19. River Delta - Estuarine - Notre Dame Bay Has anyone here been to Haines?
- Formed when river runs into a bay or estuary
- Tidal mud flats form which can be seen at low tide
Sediment deposited from river outflow and from Tidal inflow

20. With the aid of a labeled diagram, explain the formation of a scree/talus slope.
INCLUDE THE TERMS:
Scree/Talus
Weathering
Temperature Changes
(exfoliation)
Frost Action
Deposition
Angular/Rounded