2. Data Center Research Activities
Research Roadmap
Benchmarking/Case studies involving 22 data center spaces (CA, NY, Federal)
Self-benchmarking protocol
Standby generation
Power supplies
UPS systems
Performance metrics

3. LBNL Data Center Demonstrations
DC powering demonstrations (CEC)
Facility level
Rack level
Supercomputer center design process demonstration (CEC)
“Air management” demonstration (PG&E)
Outside air demonstration (PG&E)
Contamination concerns
Humidity control concerns

4. Benchmarking

5. IT Equipment Load Density
2005 Benchmarks
Ave. ~ 52
2003 benchmarks
Ave. ~ 25

6. HVAC System Effectiveness

7. Power conversions in data processing
AC voltage conversions
Internal Drive
External Drive
I/O
Memory Controller
m Processor
SDRAM
Graphics Controller
DC/DC
AC/DC
AC/DC Multi output PS
Voltage Regulator Modules 5V
12V
3.3V
1.5/2.5V
1.1V-1.85V
PWM/PFC
Switcher
Unregulated DC
To Multi Output
Regulated DC
Voltages
Inverter In
Out
Bypass
Battery/Charger
Rectifier

8. UPS factory measurements

9. Measured power supply efficiency

10. Energy Design Resources Data Center Design Guides
PG&E Design Guides based upon observed best practices
Will be available on PG&E website as Energy Design Resources

11. Training resource
A web-based training resource is being developed by Evan Mills
See:

12. For more information
See High-tech Buildings website for latest publications: